Submit Search
Upload
Entrepreneurship Textbook vol.1
â¢
23 likes
â¢
8,595 views
Josai University
Follow
Original textbook on Entrepreneurship Education, for Josai University undergrad course.
Read less
Read more
Business
Report
Share
Report
Share
1 of 110
Recommended
ïŒïŒæ³ãŸã§ã®äººã«æè³ãããã®ãåœå®¶æŠç¥
ïŒïŒæ³ãŸã§ã®äººã«æè³ãããã®ãåœå®¶æŠç¥
Hidetoshi Shibata
Â
ãã³ã³ãµã«èµ·æ¥å®è·µè¬åº§ãã°ã«ãŒãã³ã³ãµã«ãã£ã³ã°
ãã³ã³ãµã«èµ·æ¥å®è·µè¬åº§ãã°ã«ãŒãã³ã³ãµã«ãã£ã³ã°
äŒè€ åå¿
Â
éãšã³ãžãã¢ã®ããã®ããã ãã¯æŒãããŠããããWEBãµãŒãã¹ã®åºç€æè¡
éãšã³ãžãã¢ã®ããã®ããã ãã¯æŒãããŠããããWEBãµãŒãã¹ã®åºç€æè¡
div Inc
Â
2012-I 3E+1 ã¢ã€ãã£ã¢ãã©ã³ã³ã³ãã¹ã ver.1.0
2012-I 3E+1 ã¢ã€ãã£ã¢ãã©ã³ã³ã³ãã¹ã ver.1.0
10
Â
æ¥æ¬ã«ããã瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶ã®ç»å Žãšãã®èµ·æ¥éçš
æ¥æ¬ã«ããã瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶ã®ç»å Žãšãã®èµ·æ¥éçš
äº®ä» è¥¿ç°
Â
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶ãšãªãŒããŒã·ããã¬ãžã¡åºçäºåç·š
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶ãšãªãŒããŒã·ããã¬ãžã¡åºçäºåç·š
ãªãŒããŒã·ããç 究ã¢ã«ãããŒã»CLS Japanæ¬éš
Â
ããã¡ããç¹çåºåµåºãããžã§ã¯ããçºé²ïŒïŒç«å·åå£è¥¿éã西äŒååºäŒïŒ
ããã¡ããç¹çåºåµåºãããžã§ã¯ããçºé²ïŒïŒç«å·åå£è¥¿éã西äŒååºäŒïŒ
å ¥è¹è¶å±
Â
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥éã»ãããŒ@åå€å± (2012.10.7.)
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥éã»ãããŒ@åå€å± (2012.10.7.)
YutakaTanabe
Â
Recommended
ïŒïŒæ³ãŸã§ã®äººã«æè³ãããã®ãåœå®¶æŠç¥
ïŒïŒæ³ãŸã§ã®äººã«æè³ãããã®ãåœå®¶æŠç¥
Hidetoshi Shibata
Â
ãã³ã³ãµã«èµ·æ¥å®è·µè¬åº§ãã°ã«ãŒãã³ã³ãµã«ãã£ã³ã°
ãã³ã³ãµã«èµ·æ¥å®è·µè¬åº§ãã°ã«ãŒãã³ã³ãµã«ãã£ã³ã°
äŒè€ åå¿
Â
éãšã³ãžãã¢ã®ããã®ããã ãã¯æŒãããŠããããWEBãµãŒãã¹ã®åºç€æè¡
éãšã³ãžãã¢ã®ããã®ããã ãã¯æŒãããŠããããWEBãµãŒãã¹ã®åºç€æè¡
div Inc
Â
2012-I 3E+1 ã¢ã€ãã£ã¢ãã©ã³ã³ã³ãã¹ã ver.1.0
2012-I 3E+1 ã¢ã€ãã£ã¢ãã©ã³ã³ã³ãã¹ã ver.1.0
10
Â
æ¥æ¬ã«ããã瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶ã®ç»å Žãšãã®èµ·æ¥éçš
æ¥æ¬ã«ããã瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶ã®ç»å Žãšãã®èµ·æ¥éçš
äº®ä» è¥¿ç°
Â
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶ãšãªãŒããŒã·ããã¬ãžã¡åºçäºåç·š
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶ãšãªãŒããŒã·ããã¬ãžã¡åºçäºåç·š
ãªãŒããŒã·ããç 究ã¢ã«ãããŒã»CLS Japanæ¬éš
Â
ããã¡ããç¹çåºåµåºãããžã§ã¯ããçºé²ïŒïŒç«å·åå£è¥¿éã西äŒååºäŒïŒ
ããã¡ããç¹çåºåµåºãããžã§ã¯ããçºé²ïŒïŒç«å·åå£è¥¿éã西äŒååºäŒïŒ
å ¥è¹è¶å±
Â
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥éã»ãããŒ@åå€å± (2012.10.7.)
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥éã»ãããŒ@åå€å± (2012.10.7.)
YutakaTanabe
Â
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥éïŒæµ·éœåŠåãã£ãªã¢è¬åº§ã2012.10.7.)
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥éïŒæµ·éœåŠåãã£ãªã¢è¬åº§ã2012.10.7.)
YutakaTanabe
Â
ã»ããç 究å 容
ã»ããç 究å 容
åå² æç°
Â
å¹³æ24幎床岡山çæ°ããå ¬å ±æ¯æŽäºæ¥æ ãæè²ææ¯æŽäºæ¥ææ¡
å¹³æ24幎床岡山çæ°ããå ¬å ±æ¯æŽäºæ¥æ ãæè²ææ¯æŽäºæ¥ææ¡
ç¹å®éå¶å©æŽ»åæ³äºº 岡山NPOã»ã³ã¿ãŒ
Â
Hpc120523åçš¿
Hpc120523åçš¿
Kazuhiko Kawasaki
Â
Hpc120523
Hpc120523
Kazuhiko Kawasaki
Â
BADO!æªæ¥ã©ãŠã³ãžïŒ æ±äº¬ - å°åãšäžçãç¹ãã·ã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã»ã³ãã¥ããã£
BADO!æªæ¥ã©ãŠã³ãžïŒ æ±äº¬ - å°åãšäžçãç¹ãã·ã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã»ã³ãã¥ããã£
Yoshihiko Suko (Ph.D) / BADO! Inc. of CEO
Â
å¿ä¿¡äŒæ¿çµå¡Ÿ20140314
å¿ä¿¡äŒæ¿çµå¡Ÿ20140314
ããã»ã£ã·å¶æ¥œéš
Â
人æ瀟äŒç§åŠç³»åºç瀟ã®å°æ¥ã«åããŠã®ïŒã€ã®çªç Žå£
人æ瀟äŒç§åŠç³»åºç瀟ã®å°æ¥ã«åããŠã®ïŒã€ã®çªç Žå£
Japan Electronic Publishing Association
Â
åè«çºè¡š
åè«çºè¡š
Ryo Takahashi
Â
瀟äŒãå€ããã - 瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥é - (æ ¶å¿çŸ©å¡Ÿå€§åŠã§ã®è¬æŒ)
瀟äŒãå€ããã - 瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥é - (æ ¶å¿çŸ©å¡Ÿå€§åŠã§ã®è¬æŒ)
YutakaTanabe
Â
Socio design note
Socio design note
Rina Yamashiro
Â
Social Media for Social Good - 2012 Feb
Social Media for Social Good - 2012 Feb
SocialCompany, Inc.
Â
130222
130222
Kazuhiko Kawasaki
Â
ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ã·ããã®æé·ãšçºå±ã«ã€ããŠïŒ
ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ã·ããã®æé·ãšçºå±ã«ã€ããŠïŒ
Yuji Ishimoto
Â
090623_2012幎床就掻çéãŸãïŒ
090623_2012幎床就掻çéãŸãïŒ
networkwan
Â
100623_2012幎床就掻çéãŸãïŒ!
100623_2012幎床就掻çéãŸãïŒ!
networkwan
Â
ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ããžãã¹å ¥é (ããããŸåžç£æ¥åµé è²¡å£ è¬çŸ©è³æ)
ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ããžãã¹å ¥é (ããããŸåžç£æ¥åµé è²¡å£ è¬çŸ©è³æ)
YutakaTanabe
Â
10 121203
10 121203
Kazuhiko Kawasaki
Â
2009 0908 about lipïŒ ãããããã
2009 0908 about lipïŒ ãããããã
Living in Peace
Â
åã©ãèåŸ é²æ¢åŠäŒç¬¬25ååŠè¡éäŒã²ããã倧äŒçºè¡šãããåçš¿ããšSNSãçµã¿åããããåã©ãèåŸ æªç¶é²æ¢ã®ããã®ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¢ãããŒãã®ç 究ãã«ã€ããŠ
åã©ãèåŸ é²æ¢åŠäŒç¬¬25ååŠè¡éäŒã²ããã倧äŒçºè¡šãããåçš¿ããšSNSãçµã¿åããããåã©ãèåŸ æªç¶é²æ¢ã®ããã®ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¢ãããŒãã®ç 究ãã«ã€ããŠ
yukkiestar
Â
èµ·æ¥å®¶ãšæè³å®¶ã®è»è·¡ãïŒ2013幎11æã»äžå€®çµæžç€ŸåïŒ
èµ·æ¥å®¶ãšæè³å®¶ã®è»è·¡ãïŒ2013幎11æã»äžå€®çµæžç€ŸåïŒ
Josai University
Â
èµ·æ¥å®¶æ±å¯æµ©æ£
èµ·æ¥å®¶æ±å¯æµ©æ£
Josai University
Â
More Related Content
Similar to Entrepreneurship Textbook vol.1
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥éïŒæµ·éœåŠåãã£ãªã¢è¬åº§ã2012.10.7.)
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥éïŒæµ·éœåŠåãã£ãªã¢è¬åº§ã2012.10.7.)
YutakaTanabe
Â
ã»ããç 究å 容
ã»ããç 究å 容
åå² æç°
Â
å¹³æ24幎床岡山çæ°ããå ¬å ±æ¯æŽäºæ¥æ ãæè²ææ¯æŽäºæ¥ææ¡
å¹³æ24幎床岡山çæ°ããå ¬å ±æ¯æŽäºæ¥æ ãæè²ææ¯æŽäºæ¥ææ¡
ç¹å®éå¶å©æŽ»åæ³äºº 岡山NPOã»ã³ã¿ãŒ
Â
Hpc120523åçš¿
Hpc120523åçš¿
Kazuhiko Kawasaki
Â
Hpc120523
Hpc120523
Kazuhiko Kawasaki
Â
BADO!æªæ¥ã©ãŠã³ãžïŒ æ±äº¬ - å°åãšäžçãç¹ãã·ã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã»ã³ãã¥ããã£
BADO!æªæ¥ã©ãŠã³ãžïŒ æ±äº¬ - å°åãšäžçãç¹ãã·ã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã»ã³ãã¥ããã£
Yoshihiko Suko (Ph.D) / BADO! Inc. of CEO
Â
å¿ä¿¡äŒæ¿çµå¡Ÿ20140314
å¿ä¿¡äŒæ¿çµå¡Ÿ20140314
ããã»ã£ã·å¶æ¥œéš
Â
人æ瀟äŒç§åŠç³»åºç瀟ã®å°æ¥ã«åããŠã®ïŒã€ã®çªç Žå£
人æ瀟äŒç§åŠç³»åºç瀟ã®å°æ¥ã«åããŠã®ïŒã€ã®çªç Žå£
Japan Electronic Publishing Association
Â
åè«çºè¡š
åè«çºè¡š
Ryo Takahashi
Â
瀟äŒãå€ããã - 瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥é - (æ ¶å¿çŸ©å¡Ÿå€§åŠã§ã®è¬æŒ)
瀟äŒãå€ããã - 瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥é - (æ ¶å¿çŸ©å¡Ÿå€§åŠã§ã®è¬æŒ)
YutakaTanabe
Â
Socio design note
Socio design note
Rina Yamashiro
Â
Social Media for Social Good - 2012 Feb
Social Media for Social Good - 2012 Feb
SocialCompany, Inc.
Â
130222
130222
Kazuhiko Kawasaki
Â
ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ã·ããã®æé·ãšçºå±ã«ã€ããŠïŒ
ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ã·ããã®æé·ãšçºå±ã«ã€ããŠïŒ
Yuji Ishimoto
Â
090623_2012幎床就掻çéãŸãïŒ
090623_2012幎床就掻çéãŸãïŒ
networkwan
Â
100623_2012幎床就掻çéãŸãïŒ!
100623_2012幎床就掻çéãŸãïŒ!
networkwan
Â
ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ããžãã¹å ¥é (ããããŸåžç£æ¥åµé è²¡å£ è¬çŸ©è³æ)
ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ããžãã¹å ¥é (ããããŸåžç£æ¥åµé è²¡å£ è¬çŸ©è³æ)
YutakaTanabe
Â
10 121203
10 121203
Kazuhiko Kawasaki
Â
2009 0908 about lipïŒ ãããããã
2009 0908 about lipïŒ ãããããã
Living in Peace
Â
åã©ãèåŸ é²æ¢åŠäŒç¬¬25ååŠè¡éäŒã²ããã倧äŒçºè¡šãããåçš¿ããšSNSãçµã¿åããããåã©ãèåŸ æªç¶é²æ¢ã®ããã®ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¢ãããŒãã®ç 究ãã«ã€ããŠ
åã©ãèåŸ é²æ¢åŠäŒç¬¬25ååŠè¡éäŒã²ããã倧äŒçºè¡šãããåçš¿ããšSNSãçµã¿åããããåã©ãèåŸ æªç¶é²æ¢ã®ããã®ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¢ãããŒãã®ç 究ãã«ã€ããŠ
yukkiestar
Â
Similar to Entrepreneurship Textbook vol.1
(20)
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥éïŒæµ·éœåŠåãã£ãªã¢è¬åº§ã2012.10.7.)
瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥éïŒæµ·éœåŠåãã£ãªã¢è¬åº§ã2012.10.7.)
Â
ã»ããç 究å 容
ã»ããç 究å 容
Â
å¹³æ24幎床岡山çæ°ããå ¬å ±æ¯æŽäºæ¥æ ãæè²ææ¯æŽäºæ¥ææ¡
å¹³æ24幎床岡山çæ°ããå ¬å ±æ¯æŽäºæ¥æ ãæè²ææ¯æŽäºæ¥ææ¡
Â
Hpc120523åçš¿
Hpc120523åçš¿
Â
Hpc120523
Hpc120523
Â
BADO!æªæ¥ã©ãŠã³ãžïŒ æ±äº¬ - å°åãšäžçãç¹ãã·ã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã»ã³ãã¥ããã£
BADO!æªæ¥ã©ãŠã³ãžïŒ æ±äº¬ - å°åãšäžçãç¹ãã·ã§ã¢ããŠã¹ã»ã³ãã¥ããã£
Â
å¿ä¿¡äŒæ¿çµå¡Ÿ20140314
å¿ä¿¡äŒæ¿çµå¡Ÿ20140314
Â
人æ瀟äŒç§åŠç³»åºç瀟ã®å°æ¥ã«åããŠã®ïŒã€ã®çªç Žå£
人æ瀟äŒç§åŠç³»åºç瀟ã®å°æ¥ã«åããŠã®ïŒã€ã®çªç Žå£
Â
åè«çºè¡š
åè«çºè¡š
Â
瀟äŒãå€ããã - 瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥é - (æ ¶å¿çŸ©å¡Ÿå€§åŠã§ã®è¬æŒ)
瀟äŒãå€ããã - 瀟äŒèµ·æ¥å®¶å ¥é - (æ ¶å¿çŸ©å¡Ÿå€§åŠã§ã®è¬æŒ)
Â
Socio design note
Socio design note
Â
Social Media for Social Good - 2012 Feb
Social Media for Social Good - 2012 Feb
Â
130222
130222
Â
ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ã·ããã®æé·ãšçºå±ã«ã€ããŠïŒ
ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ã·ããã®æé·ãšçºå±ã«ã€ããŠïŒ
Â
090623_2012幎床就掻çéãŸãïŒ
090623_2012幎床就掻çéãŸãïŒ
Â
100623_2012幎床就掻çéãŸãïŒ!
100623_2012幎床就掻çéãŸãïŒ!
Â
ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ããžãã¹å ¥é (ããããŸåžç£æ¥åµé è²¡å£ è¬çŸ©è³æ)
ãœãŒã·ã£ã«ããžãã¹å ¥é (ããããŸåžç£æ¥åµé è²¡å£ è¬çŸ©è³æ)
Â
10 121203
10 121203
Â
2009 0908 about lipïŒ ãããããã
2009 0908 about lipïŒ ãããããã
Â
åã©ãèåŸ é²æ¢åŠäŒç¬¬25ååŠè¡éäŒã²ããã倧äŒçºè¡šãããåçš¿ããšSNSãçµã¿åããããåã©ãèåŸ æªç¶é²æ¢ã®ããã®ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¢ãããŒãã®ç 究ãã«ã€ããŠ
åã©ãèåŸ é²æ¢åŠäŒç¬¬25ååŠè¡éäŒã²ããã倧äŒçºè¡šãããåçš¿ããšSNSãçµã¿åããããåã©ãèåŸ æªç¶é²æ¢ã®ããã®ããã¥ã¬ãŒã·ã§ã³ã¢ãããŒãã®ç 究ãã«ã€ããŠ
Â
More from Josai University
èµ·æ¥å®¶ãšæè³å®¶ã®è»è·¡ãïŒ2013幎11æã»äžå€®çµæžç€ŸåïŒ
èµ·æ¥å®¶ãšæè³å®¶ã®è»è·¡ãïŒ2013幎11æã»äžå€®çµæžç€ŸåïŒ
Josai University
Â
èµ·æ¥å®¶æ±å¯æµ©æ£
èµ·æ¥å®¶æ±å¯æµ©æ£
Josai University
Â
ã¯ã€ã€ã¬ã¹ã»ãã¯ãŒãã€ã³ããçšãã察話åè¬çŸ©
ã¯ã€ã€ã¬ã¹ã»ãã¯ãŒãã€ã³ããçšãã察話åè¬çŸ©
Josai University
Â
ã¹ãã£ãŒãã»ãžã§ããºè«ïŒå ¥éç·šïŒ
ã¹ãã£ãŒãã»ãžã§ããºè«ïŒå ¥éç·šïŒ
Josai University
Â
åŒçã®äŒæ¥
åŒçã®äŒæ¥
Josai University
Â
åèïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æªå ¬éäŒæ¥æè³çµç¹ã®çºå±åœ¢æ
åèïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æªå ¬éäŒæ¥æè³çµç¹ã®çºå±åœ¢æ
Josai University
Â
åèïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ã«ã®çºå±åœ¢æ ãã¹ã©ã€ã
åèïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ã«ã®çºå±åœ¢æ ãã¹ã©ã€ã
Josai University
Â
ããããã®å°±è·æŽ»åãlecture on job search for junior students
ããããã®å°±è·æŽ»åãlecture on job search for junior students
Josai University
Â
American entrepreneurship 200yearsïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«èµ·æ¥å®¶çµæžã®200幎ã
American entrepreneurship 200yearsïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«èµ·æ¥å®¶çµæžã®200幎ã
Josai University
Â
Study
Study
Josai University
Â
How to learn Companies (for high school students)
How to learn Companies (for high school students)
Josai University
Â
Innovation and Corporation in Our World
Innovation and Corporation in Our World
Josai University
Â
Structural change in the us venture capital organization (1940s-1970s)
Structural change in the us venture capital organization (1940s-1970s)
Josai University
Â
Entrepreneurship Textbook vol.2
Entrepreneurship Textbook vol.2
Josai University
Â
Entrepteneurship textbook coverpage
Entrepteneurship textbook coverpage
Josai University
Â
Japanese Company Scandals-20101228
Japanese Company Scandals-20101228
Josai University
Â
Private Wealth Management and Global Financial Business (Lecture)
Private Wealth Management and Global Financial Business (Lecture)
Josai University
Â
Venture Capital?, or Venture Finance?
Venture Capital?, or Venture Finance?
Josai University
Â
Does U.S. Venture Capital Work? (working paper)
Does U.S. Venture Capital Work? (working paper)
Josai University
Â
Entrepreneurship in Japanese Universities
Entrepreneurship in Japanese Universities
Josai University
Â
More from Josai University
(20)
èµ·æ¥å®¶ãšæè³å®¶ã®è»è·¡ãïŒ2013幎11æã»äžå€®çµæžç€ŸåïŒ
èµ·æ¥å®¶ãšæè³å®¶ã®è»è·¡ãïŒ2013幎11æã»äžå€®çµæžç€ŸåïŒ
Â
èµ·æ¥å®¶æ±å¯æµ©æ£
èµ·æ¥å®¶æ±å¯æµ©æ£
Â
ã¯ã€ã€ã¬ã¹ã»ãã¯ãŒãã€ã³ããçšãã察話åè¬çŸ©
ã¯ã€ã€ã¬ã¹ã»ãã¯ãŒãã€ã³ããçšãã察話åè¬çŸ©
Â
ã¹ãã£ãŒãã»ãžã§ããºè«ïŒå ¥éç·šïŒ
ã¹ãã£ãŒãã»ãžã§ããºè«ïŒå ¥éç·šïŒ
Â
åŒçã®äŒæ¥
åŒçã®äŒæ¥
Â
åèïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æªå ¬éäŒæ¥æè³çµç¹ã®çºå±åœ¢æ
åèïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®æªå ¬éäŒæ¥æè³çµç¹ã®çºå±åœ¢æ
Â
åèïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ã«ã®çºå±åœ¢æ ãã¹ã©ã€ã
åèïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ãã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ã«ã®çºå±åœ¢æ ãã¹ã©ã€ã
Â
ããããã®å°±è·æŽ»åãlecture on job search for junior students
ããããã®å°±è·æŽ»åãlecture on job search for junior students
Â
American entrepreneurship 200yearsïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«èµ·æ¥å®¶çµæžã®200幎ã
American entrepreneurship 200yearsïŒã¢ã¡ãªã«èµ·æ¥å®¶çµæžã®200幎ã
Â
Study
Study
Â
How to learn Companies (for high school students)
How to learn Companies (for high school students)
Â
Innovation and Corporation in Our World
Innovation and Corporation in Our World
Â
Structural change in the us venture capital organization (1940s-1970s)
Structural change in the us venture capital organization (1940s-1970s)
Â
Entrepreneurship Textbook vol.2
Entrepreneurship Textbook vol.2
Â
Entrepteneurship textbook coverpage
Entrepteneurship textbook coverpage
Â
Japanese Company Scandals-20101228
Japanese Company Scandals-20101228
Â
Private Wealth Management and Global Financial Business (Lecture)
Private Wealth Management and Global Financial Business (Lecture)
Â
Venture Capital?, or Venture Finance?
Venture Capital?, or Venture Finance?
Â
Does U.S. Venture Capital Work? (working paper)
Does U.S. Venture Capital Work? (working paper)
Â
Entrepreneurship in Japanese Universities
Entrepreneurship in Japanese Universities
Â
Recently uploaded
ROMS_recruting_deck_for_website_20240322.pdf
ROMS_recruting_deck_for_website_20240322.pdf
hirokisawa3
Â
什å5幎床_ãµã¹ãããã«ããŒãªãºã ã»ãããŒ_ããžã¥ã¢ã«ã¬ããŒã(å ¬éçš).pdf
什å5幎床_ãµã¹ãããã«ããŒãªãºã ã»ãããŒ_ããžã¥ã¢ã«ã¬ããŒã(å ¬éçš).pdf
jun_suto
Â
第ïŒïŒå販ä¿ã³ã³ããã審æ»å¡å人è³(æ ç¥å¹ž æ°)ãã¢ã«ã«ã?ãã¢ãã£ãã¹ãžã£ãã³
第ïŒïŒå販ä¿ã³ã³ããã審æ»å¡å人è³(æ ç¥å¹ž æ°)ãã¢ã«ã«ã?ãã¢ãã£ãã¹ãžã£ãã³
Yusuke Katsuma
Â
Japan IT Week 2024 Brochure by 47Billion
Japan IT Week 2024 Brochure by 47Billion
Data Analytics Company - 47Billion Inc.
Â
HRMOSïŒããŒã¢ã¹ïŒã¿ã¬ã³ãããã·ãã¡ã³ã_ãã玹ä»è³æ_Saleshubæ²èŒçš
HRMOSïŒããŒã¢ã¹ïŒã¿ã¬ã³ãããã·ãã¡ã³ã_ãã玹ä»è³æ_Saleshubæ²èŒçš
wataruhonda3
Â
chouhou_obuse_reiwa6nenn_4_2404slide.pdf
chouhou_obuse_reiwa6nenn_4_2404slide.pdf
ssuser31dbd1
Â
HCCãœããæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã2025幎æ°åæ¡çšåããäŒç€ŸçŽ¹ä»ã»æ¡çšæ å ±è³æ------
HCCãœããæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã2025幎æ°åæ¡çšåããäŒç€ŸçŽ¹ä»ã»æ¡çšæ å ±è³æ------
ssusercbaf23
Â
æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãã¯ãã«ç·ç äŒç€ŸæŠèŠ Vector Research Institute (VRI) Corporate Profile
æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãã¯ãã«ç·ç äŒç€ŸæŠèŠ Vector Research Institute (VRI) Corporate Profile
vrihomepage
Â
æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãã£ãžãªäŒç€Ÿèª¬æè³æïœæ¡çšã®éã®çŠå©åçãã«ã«ãã£ãŒãªã©ã玹ä»ããŠããŸã
æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãã£ãžãªäŒç€Ÿèª¬æè³æïœæ¡çšã®éã®çŠå©åçãã«ã«ãã£ãŒãªã©ã玹ä»ããŠããŸã
chizurumurakami
Â
æ ªåŒäŒç€ŸAllAdsãšç³ããŸãããµãŒãã¹çŽ¹ä»è³æã§åŸ¡åº§ããŸãã®ã§ãæ¯éã芧ãã ãããŸãã
æ ªåŒäŒç€ŸAllAdsãšç³ããŸãããµãŒãã¹çŽ¹ä»è³æã§åŸ¡åº§ããŸãã®ã§ãæ¯éã芧ãã ãããŸãã
takuyamatsumoto29
Â
ãšã³ãžãã¢æ¡çšã®ãã¹ããããé²ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°è©ŠéšãµãŒãã¹ãHireRooïŒãã€ã€ãŒã«ãŒïŒã
ãšã³ãžãã¢æ¡çšã®ãã¹ããããé²ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°è©ŠéšãµãŒãã¹ãHireRooïŒãã€ã€ãŒã«ãŒïŒã
Kousuke Kuzuoka
Â
JAPAN WEB3.0 AWARD 2023ããããã¯ãã§ãŒã³(NFT)æè¡ã掻çšããã¢ã€ãã£ã¢ãåªç§è³äœåãéº3.0çžç¶
JAPAN WEB3.0 AWARD 2023ããããã¯ãã§ãŒã³(NFT)æè¡ã掻çšããã¢ã€ãã£ã¢ãåªç§è³äœåãéº3.0çžç¶
Yusuke Katsuma
Â
Recently uploaded
(12)
ROMS_recruting_deck_for_website_20240322.pdf
ROMS_recruting_deck_for_website_20240322.pdf
Â
什å5幎床_ãµã¹ãããã«ããŒãªãºã ã»ãããŒ_ããžã¥ã¢ã«ã¬ããŒã(å ¬éçš).pdf
什å5幎床_ãµã¹ãããã«ããŒãªãºã ã»ãããŒ_ããžã¥ã¢ã«ã¬ããŒã(å ¬éçš).pdf
Â
第ïŒïŒå販ä¿ã³ã³ããã審æ»å¡å人è³(æ ç¥å¹ž æ°)ãã¢ã«ã«ã?ãã¢ãã£ãã¹ãžã£ãã³
第ïŒïŒå販ä¿ã³ã³ããã審æ»å¡å人è³(æ ç¥å¹ž æ°)ãã¢ã«ã«ã?ãã¢ãã£ãã¹ãžã£ãã³
Â
Japan IT Week 2024 Brochure by 47Billion
Japan IT Week 2024 Brochure by 47Billion
Â
HRMOSïŒããŒã¢ã¹ïŒã¿ã¬ã³ãããã·ãã¡ã³ã_ãã玹ä»è³æ_Saleshubæ²èŒçš
HRMOSïŒããŒã¢ã¹ïŒã¿ã¬ã³ãããã·ãã¡ã³ã_ãã玹ä»è³æ_Saleshubæ²èŒçš
Â
chouhou_obuse_reiwa6nenn_4_2404slide.pdf
chouhou_obuse_reiwa6nenn_4_2404slide.pdf
Â
HCCãœããæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã2025幎æ°åæ¡çšåããäŒç€ŸçŽ¹ä»ã»æ¡çšæ å ±è³æ------
HCCãœããæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã2025幎æ°åæ¡çšåããäŒç€ŸçŽ¹ä»ã»æ¡çšæ å ±è³æ------
Â
æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãã¯ãã«ç·ç äŒç€ŸæŠèŠ Vector Research Institute (VRI) Corporate Profile
æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãã¯ãã«ç·ç äŒç€ŸæŠèŠ Vector Research Institute (VRI) Corporate Profile
Â
æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãã£ãžãªäŒç€Ÿèª¬æè³æïœæ¡çšã®éã®çŠå©åçãã«ã«ãã£ãŒãªã©ã玹ä»ããŠããŸã
æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãã£ãžãªäŒç€Ÿèª¬æè³æïœæ¡çšã®éã®çŠå©åçãã«ã«ãã£ãŒãªã©ã玹ä»ããŠããŸã
Â
æ ªåŒäŒç€ŸAllAdsãšç³ããŸãããµãŒãã¹çŽ¹ä»è³æã§åŸ¡åº§ããŸãã®ã§ãæ¯éã芧ãã ãããŸãã
æ ªåŒäŒç€ŸAllAdsãšç³ããŸãããµãŒãã¹çŽ¹ä»è³æã§åŸ¡åº§ããŸãã®ã§ãæ¯éã芧ãã ãããŸãã
Â
ãšã³ãžãã¢æ¡çšã®ãã¹ããããé²ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°è©ŠéšãµãŒãã¹ãHireRooïŒãã€ã€ãŒã«ãŒïŒã
ãšã³ãžãã¢æ¡çšã®ãã¹ããããé²ãã³ãŒãã£ã³ã°è©ŠéšãµãŒãã¹ãHireRooïŒãã€ã€ãŒã«ãŒïŒã
Â
JAPAN WEB3.0 AWARD 2023ããããã¯ãã§ãŒã³(NFT)æè¡ã掻çšããã¢ã€ãã£ã¢ãåªç§è³äœåãéº3.0çžç¶
JAPAN WEB3.0 AWARD 2023ããããã¯ãã§ãŒã³(NFT)æè¡ã掻çšããã¢ã€ãã£ã¢ãåªç§è³äœåãéº3.0çžç¶
Â
Entrepreneurship Textbook vol.1
1.
åº
äºæ¥åµé ãã©ãåŠãã§ããã â倧åŠã¯å°æ¥ãèªåã§æãææ åã¯äœã®ããã«å匷ããŠããããããªãã¯ã©ããªäººçãæ©ã¿ãããšæã£ãŠããã®ããäœããããã® ãããããã¯ããªãä»äºãããªããã°ãªããªãã®ãã 倧åŠçã¯ãå€ããå°ãªããããããçæ£é¢ããã®çåã«æ©ããã®ã§ãããä»ã®å€§äººéãè¥ãé ã«ã¯ çãããèããŠãããèªåã§é²ãéã決ããè ã決ããããã«ããããããè ã¯ããŸããŸã§ãããã ãšããããããããã®åã§ä»ãçããŠããã éå»ã«æŽå²ã«åãæ®ãã人éããè¥ãæ代ã«ã¯åãããã«é²ãã¹ãéãèããŠãããåäœã«çãŸã ãåæ¬éŸéŠ¬ã¯åå¹éåã®å¿å£«ãšããŠèº«ãç«ãŠããããåŒçã®æ·±è°·ã§è²ã£ãæžæ²¢æ äžã¯å°çæ倷ã«æ¬æ° ã«ãªã£ãŠæšªæµãçŒãæã¡ã«ããäŒãŠãèããããœãããã³ã¯ã®å«æ£çŸ©ç€Ÿé·ã¯çŠå²¡çä¹ çç±³ã®é«æ ¡ãäž éããŠã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«æž¡ãèªåã®äººçãåãæãããšããã ãããšã¯éã«ãèªåã§äººçãèããŠéžæããããšãã§ããã«ãå®ããããéãçããããã«æ©ãŸã ããåŸãªãã£ãè ãå€ãããããœããã¯ãåµæ¥ããæŸäžå¹žä¹å©ã¯ã家ã貧ããããã«å°åŠ4幎çã§ååº ã«å¥å ¬ã«åºããããããšã¿ã®ç¥ã§ããè±ç°äœåã¯ç¶èŠªã®å€§å·¥ã®ä»äºãç¶ããããªãããã³ããåµã£ã æ¬ç°å®äžéã¯å®¶ãéå¶å±ã ã£ãããèªåè»ä¿®çåºã«å ¥ã£ãŠåå®ã®ä»äºãããããããçããããã人 çãæ©ãŸãããåŸãªãã£ãæ代ã§ãã£ãã çŸä»£ã¯æã®ãããšã¯ç°ãªã£ãŠããã幞ããªããšã«ãè¥ãé ã«èããæéãšç°å¢ãäžè¶³ããŠãããã ã§ã¯ãªããæ¥æ¬ã®è¥è ã®åå以äžã¯å€§åŠã«é²åŠããæ¬äººã«ããæ°ããããã©ããã¯å¥ãšããŠãå°ãªã ãšã4幎éïŒå°±è·æŽ»åãé€ãã°å®è³ªçã«ã¯3幎匱ïŒã¯ç€ŸäŒã«åºãåã®ãã¬ãŒãã³ã°ã倧åŠã®å å€ã§åã ãæéã¯ããã âéèŠãªã®ã¯ã瀟äŒã«ããããåã決ãã 人ã¯ãæ²æ³ã®åºæ¬ç人暩ã«ããããã«ã瀟äŒã§èªç±ã«æŽ»åããããšãèš±ãããŠãããåŠæ ¡ãåæ¥ã ãã°ãåŠæ ¡ã®äžã®æå°ã匷å¶ããããèªç±ãã«ãªãããããã瀟äŒã§ã¯ä»äººãåŠæ ¡ã®ããã«æåã足 åãã§ã¯äººçãå°ããŠãããªãããå€ãã®å Žåã¯å±ã£ãŠããããªãã 人éã®å®ç€ŸäŒãšã¯ãèªåãšä»ã®çµç¹ãå人ãšã®éã§äœãã決ããŠãèªåãåãããã®åã®äŸ¡å€ãé éã§åŸãããšãåºæ¬ãšããäžçã§ãããããã¯åœããåã®è©±ã ããããããããèšãã°ãèªåãåã ãŠãéã皌ãããšã ããµã©ãªãŒãã³ã¯ãã¡ããããç¬ãã¿ã¬ã³ãã§ãããéçéžæã§ã倧åŠã®æå¡ã§ ããæ¥ã ã®åŽåã§åå ¥ãåŸãŠããããšã«ã¯å€ããããªãã人éã§ãªããšããçããããã®ãã®ã皌ã ããšã¯ãã¹ãŠã®çç©ãè¡ã£ãŠããè¡çºã§ãããã©ã€ãªã³ã¯ç²ç©ãè¿œããªããã°ããã«é£¢ããŠããŸãã 人éãè³¢ãã®ã¯ãçããããã®çšŒãæ¹ããçµç¹çãã«è¡ãããšãã§ããããšã§ããã人éã¯é ã䜿 ãããããäŒç€Ÿãšããéå£ã®çµç¹ãäœã£ãŠããã®ãå人ãåæ ããŠçç£ã販売ããéã皌ãã§ããã ãããã人éããã®çµç¹ïŒäŒç€ŸïŒãããŸãéå¶ããã«ã¯ãããŸããŸãªãåã決ãããåŠã³ç解ããäž ã§åæ»ã«åŠçãããªããã°ããã®ãããŸãäœããªãã補åã売ã£ãŠãæãåºãŠããŸãããããã¯ä»£é ãååã§ããªãããšã«ãªãã æ¬è³ªçã«ããã°ãçµå¶åŠéšã§åŠã¶ãçµå¶ããšããåŠåã¯ãçãããã ã«çšŒãããšãç®çã«äœã£ãçµç¹ããã©ã®ããã«éå¶ããŠãæºè¶³ã§ãã皌 ããç²åŸããããšãã§ãããã䜿åœãšããŠããã皌ããšããèšèã«ã¯ã ãŸãè¯ãã€ã¡ãŒãžããªããããããªããããã®æ¬è³ªããç®ãããããŠã¯ ãããªãã皌ããšããèšèãæ°ã«ããããªãã°ã䟡å€ãåµãããšãšèšã ãããŠãè¯ããæ€ç©ã¯å åæã«ãã£ãŠæ°Žãšäºé žåççŽ ãšããåæããç æ°Žåç©ãçç£ããçãããšãã«ã®ãŒãšãã䟡å€ãçã¿åºããŠããã 人éã¯çµç¹ãäœã£ãŠãããããä»ã®çç©ããå§åçã«åªãã䟡å€ãåµ ã£ãŠããããã©ããããã«ã¯å€çš®å€æ§ãªåã決ããå®ããããŠãåå ã ã人éãããã«åŸã£ãŠããããã«ãåæ»ãªéå¶ãå¯èœã«ãªãã®ã§ããã ãã®ããã«ãåæ»ã«çµç¹ãéå¶ãããåã決ãããšãããè¡ãçç±ãåŠã¶ã®ãçµå¶åŠãšèããŠã»ããã çµå¶åŠéšã§åŠã¶äŒæ¥ãããžã¡ã³ãããç°¿èšãäŒèšããæ å ±æè¡ããçµç¹ãéå¶ããäžã§ïŒãããã¯çµ ç¹ã§åãäžã§ïŒå¿ èŠãªç¥èãåŸãããšãç®çã§ããã¯ãã ã ~1~
2.
âäºæ¥åµé ãåŠã¶ãšãçµç¹ã®æ¬è³ªãããã ãã®ããã¹ãã§ã¯ããŒãããå§ãŸãäºæ¥ãã©ã®ããã«ç«ã¡äžããŠãããããããã¯ããããäºæ¥ã® åµé ïŒèµ·æ¥ïŒã«ã¯ã©ã®ãããªç¹åŸŽãããããã©ã®ãããªäººã ãè¡ã£ãŠããã®ãããšããããšã解説ã ãŠããã ãŸã£ããã®å§ãŸãããäºæ¥ãã¹ã¿ãŒãããããšãå ã«è¿°ã¹ããããªäººéã®äŸ¡å€ã®äœãæ¹ïŒçšŒãæ¹ïŒ ãçŸå Žã§èŠããŠãããäŒç€Ÿãšã¯ã©ã®ããã«äœãã®ãã瀟é·ãéšé·ãåŸæ¥å¡ã¯ã©ã®ãããªåœ¹å²ã®åæ ã ããã®ãããããã¯äŒç€Ÿã®è³éã¯ã©ã®ããã«èª¿éããŠããã®ãã倧ããªäŒç€Ÿã圹æã«ãããšããã®äº æ¥ã®æ¬è³ªãã¿ãã«ãããªããã®ã ã1äžäººãåŸæ¥å¡ããã倧äŒæ¥ã§åããŠãããšãæ¥ã ã®èªåã®ä»äºã§ äŒç€Ÿã®çµå¶ãèŠãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããèªåè»ã¡ãŒã«ãŒã§å質管çãæ åœããŠããä¿é·ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯äŒç€Ÿã® 決ç®æžã¯çµçéšã®ä»äºã§ãããªãã ããããæ°å®¿ã§ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã²ãŒã ãäœã£ãŠããåŸæ¥å¡5åã®ãã³ ãã£ãŒã§ã¯æ ªäž»ç·äŒã§äœãè°è«ããããçãç¥ã£ãŠããã âèªåã®é ã§æ¹å€çã«èããããšãéèŠ
äŒç€Ÿãäœããéå¶ãããå²ããäºãšã¯äœããšããããã«ã人éã®çµæžæŽ»åã®æ¬åœã®æå³ãæ¢ãããš ããŠçµå¶ãåŠã¶ãªãã°ãããããèªåéãææ¥ãåããŠããçç±ãç®çãçŽåŸã§ãããã®ã«ãªãã ã ããåŠçãšãããã®ã¯è¥ããŠèªç±ã ããããã瀟äŒã決ããåã決ããæ £ç¿ã«å¯ŸããŠç¡æ¡ä»¶ç¡æ¹å€ã« åŸãã ãã§ã¯ãªãããŸãã¯ãã®æå³ãæ¹å€çã«èããŠãããããã äŒèšãæ å ±æè¡ã®ææ¥ã§ã¯ãããããã«ãŒã«ã ãããã®ããã«åŠçãããšæ±ºãäºã«åŸãããšãåŒ·å¶ ãããããããšãå€ãããããããã®ããã¹ãã§åãäžããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ã ããªãïŒãã éèŠãªåŠåã§ããããã®çç±ãäžèšã§ããã°ãèããããšãªãç¡æ¹å€ã«çããŠããŠã¯æ°ããäºæ¥ã¯ç ãŸããªãããã ãçŸåããããžãã¹ã瀟äŒã«çåãæããŠæ©ãã ãããããå€ãã®ãã³ãã£ãŒãç㟠ããŠããããã¯ããã«ããåé家ã¯ããããŸã§ã®é£²é£åºã®ãµãŒãã¹ãé ããŠåé¡ã ãšèããããããã ãæ©ããå®ããããŸããã¡ãã¥ãŒãèãåºããŠããããã€ãšãŒãäœã£ãäžå åã¯å°å£²åºã®äŸ¡æ Œãé«ã ãããšæã£ãããã ãå®å£²ãããå売ã«ããŠæ¥æ¬äžã«ãªã£ãã ãã®ããã¹ãã¯ããŸããŸãªæ å ±ã解説ããŠããããã©ããåºãŠããå 容ãèŠããªããã°ãšãã矩å æãæã€å¿ èŠã¯ãªãããã¡ããã倪åãŽã·ãã¯ã§èšããéèŠé ç®ã¯èŠããŠã»ãããã倧äºãªããšã¯å é ç®ã®ã¹ããŒãªãŒãèªãã åŸã«æ¹å€çã«èããããšã§ããããã®ãããªã¯ãªãã£ã«ã«ã»ã·ã³ãã³ã° ïŒcritical thinkingãæ¹å€çæèïŒãä¿ãããã«ãããã¹ãã®åç¯ã®çµããã«150以äžã®ãèšåããçš æããŠãããè¬çŸ©ã«ãããŠã¯ãæ åœæå¡ããããã®èšåããé次ã»ã¬ã¯ãããŠèª²é¡ãåºãããšã«ãªã ããåè¬è ã¯åç« ãèªãåã«æ«å°Ÿã®èšåãäžèªãããšåç¯ã®ãããããããã ããã çµå¶ã¯ã瀟äŒã§ç掻ããéã誰ããããŸããŸãªå±é¢ã§çŽé¢ããããšã§ãããåæã«ãçããŠãã以 äžã¯èª°ããçµå¶ã«é¢ãããããããªãããµã©ãªãŒãã³ã§ããèªå¶æ¥è ãå ¬åå¡ããããã¯å®¶åºã®äž»å©Š ã§ããçµç¹ã家èšã«è²¬ä»»ãè² ãè ã¯ãããããã®èŠç¹ã§çµå¶ã®ä»çµã¿ãå®è·µçã«åŠã¶ããšã«ãããèª åã®å¯èœæ§ãé«ããããšãã§ããã¯ãã ã åŠãã§æãããã° åã¡çœïŒããïŒãã æããŠåŠã°ããã° åã¡æ®ïŒããïŒããã ïŒååãè«èªïŒçºæ¿ãïŒ ~2~
3.
第ïŒéš ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããç·è« â ïŒã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããåŠã¶ãšããããš
ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããåŠ ïŒïŒã¯ããã«ïŒ6ã€ã®ãã€ã³ã (1)ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãæ°ããçµæžäŸ¡å€ãåµåºããããšããç®æšã§ããã ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããïŒ9ããŒãžã«ãã®æå³ãæ²èŒïŒã¯ãæ°ããç©ãæè¡ããµãŒãã¹ãçŸå®ã«åµãåºãã ãšã§ãããçµæžäŸ¡å€ãå¢ããããšãåãšããç®æšã«ããŠãããè¯ãçµæžç€ŸäŒæ©èœãäœãããšãšãã å人ãäŒæ¥ã䟡å€ãåãåãåé ããè¡åã§ã¯ãªãããããŸã§ã䟡å€ãåµãããšïŒå売ã§å£²äžå©ç ãå¢ããããšïŒãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã®ç®æããã®ã§ããã (2) ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãå®è·µçãã§ããã ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãçŸå®ã®äººéã®çµæžæŽ»åãã»ãšãã©å¯äžã®é¢å¿ã§ããããããã®åŠåã å®è·µçã§çŸå®çãªãã®ã§ãããçŸå®ã®ããžãã¹ã§å売ãããŸãããããã«åŠã¶ã®ã§ããã (3) ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãç¥ã ãã§ãªãããçµéšãšè¡åããéèŠã§ããã ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãæ宀ã®è¬çŸ©ããŒãããŒã«ã§åŠã¶ãç¥èãã ãã§ã¯ãªããçŸå®ç€ŸäŒã§ã® ããŠããŠã»ãã¯ããã¯çã®ãçµéšããéèŠã§ããããŸãæ°äºæ¥ããã³ãã£ãŒã§ãè¡åããããšãïŒã ããã¯è¡åããèµ·æ¥å®¶ãç解ããããšã芳å¯ããããšïŒãæçµç®æšã§ããã ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯å€§åŠã®äžã ãã§åŠã¹ããã®ã§ã¯ãªããè±èªãæ°åŠã®ããã«æ宀ã§åŠã㧠ããããããäœè²ãé³æ¥œã®ããã«å®æãéèŠãªç§ç®ãšèããã»ãããããã«ãŒã«ãæè¡ã®ç¥èãã ã£ãŠãéçãã§ããªãããã«ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯é ã ãã§ã¯ãªãçµéšãšè¡åãæ¬ ãããªãã (4) ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãå€é¢çãã§ããã ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯å€ç«ããåŠååéã§ã¯ãªããçµå¶åŠãçµæžãéèãæ³åŸãæ¿æ²»ã瀟äŒã æåãªã©ã®å€ãã®èŠçŽ ã圱é¿ãäœçšããŠããããããã£ãŠãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯çµå¶åŠã ã ã§èããã®ã¯å åã§ã¯ãªããä»ã®åŠåã®ç¥èãèãæ¹ãåçšã掻çšããŠãããªããã°ãªããªãã (5) ãã³ãã£ãŒãèµ·æ¥ããããããã³ãã£ãŒã«å ¥ç€Ÿããããã ãã®åŠåã§ã¯ãªãã éå»20幎ã®äžçã§ã¯ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã人éã®å¹žçŠãåäžãããããã§éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæã ããŠããã倧åŠçã¯ããã³ãã£ãŒã«å ¥ã以åã®æ®µéã«ãããŠãçŸä»£ã®çµæžç€ŸäŒãç解ããããã«ã¢ ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããåŠã¶ã¹ãã§ããããã³ãã£ãŒã®çµå¶è ãç®æãããã ãã®è¬çŸ©ã§ã¯ãªãã 倧äŒæ¥ãäžå äŒæ¥ã®æ°èŠäºæ¥ãã 瀟äŒçŠç¥ã瀟äŒæ¹åã®ããã®æ°ããåãçµã¿ãå°æ¹æ¯èã®éåãã ãã®åºç€ã¯ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã§ããã (6) èµ·æ¥å®¶ã¯çãŸããã®ã§ã¯ãªããäœãããã âEntrepreneurs are made, not born.â èµ·æ¥å®¶ã¯ãçãŸãã€ãã®çŽ 質ãæã£ã人éãèµ·æ¥ããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªããæ åãããã³ãã£ãŒçµå¶è ã¯æèœã ãã§æåããããã§ã¯ãªãããã€ã¯ã㜠ããã®ãã«ã»ã²ã€ãæ°ããœãããã³ã¯ã®å«æ£çŸ©æ°ããïŒãã°ãããæèœãæ ã£ãŠãããïŒçãŸãã€ãã®å€©æã§ã¯ãªããã©ããã§åŠç¿ããŠããããã®å Ž æã¯å€§åŠã§ã¯ãªãã家åºãå人ããããã¯è·å Žã®ä»äºãããããããªããã ãããã¯å 茩ã®çµéšã倱æè«ããåŠãã§ããã ãããã¢ã³ãã¬ãããŒã¯åŠ ç¿ãäžå¯æ¬ ã§ããã ãŸããèµ·æ¥å®¶ã¯èªåã®åã ãã§æåããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã³ãã£ãŒã§åã仲 éãéšäžã掻çšããæè¡ãã¢ã€ãã¢ããããŠè¶³ããªãè³éãæäŸããæè³ å®¶ããã£ãŠããçµå¶ãæãç«ãããããšãå¯èœã§ããããããã£ãŠãèªå èªèº«ã®ç¥èèœåã ãã§ã¯ãªããäžã®äžã®è³æºã«ã€ããŠåŠãã§ããããšãé èŠã§ãããããããè³æºã®æå¹æŽ»çšæè¡ãåŠãã§å®è·µã§ããèœåãæã£ã 人éãæåããŠãããšèããŠã»ããã ~3~
4.
ïŒïŒã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãªãéèŠãïŒ â æè²ã®æ ¹åºã¯ãçŸå®ãç解ããã㚠倧åŠã¯ãåŠè¡ç 究ãè¡ãå Žã§ãããšåæã«ãé«çæè²ã®å Žã§ãããé«çæè²ã«ã€ããŠå€§åŠãæåŸ ã ããŠããã®ã¯ãåŠçã«å¯ŸããŠãå å®ãã人çãéããè¯ã瀟äŒäººãšãªãããã®æºåãå¹ åºãç¥èãåŽ åæ欲ãç§åŠçåçæ§ãæ¹å€çæèãé埳æ§ãæåæé€ã®é€æãªã©ãç¿åŸãããããšã§ããã ãããã¯ã©ããéèŠãªç®æšã ãããã£ãšæ ¹æ¬çãªåŠç¿ã®ç®æšããããããã¯ãç解ããããšãã§ã ããç§éã¯ãç解ãããŠããªãäžçãæ¹åããããšã¯ã§ãããèªåèªèº«ãããã®åŒ·ããéçãåæ©ã ææ¡ããŠããªããã°åã«é²ãããšãã§ããªããäžã®äžãšèªåãããç解å¯èœãªãã®ã«ããŠããããšã« ããã倧åŠæè²ã¯äººéçæé·ãåµé æ§ãéæãé²æ©ã®åºç€ããããããããšãã§ããã
ãç解ããããšããåŠç¿ã®åºæ¬çãªç®æšã§ãããšãããªãã°ã倧åŠã¯ãçŸä»£ã®ç掻ã«ãããçµéšã» æ¡ä»¶ãåæ ãããã®ã§ãªããã°ãªããªãã倧åŠãäžçããåãé¢ãããããã«åããããªãã®ã§ãã ã°ãäžçãç解å¯èœãªãã®ã«ããããšã¯é£ããã 倧åŠã§ã®åŠç¿ã¯ãåŠçã«å¯ŸããŠããããçããŠããçŸå®ãã©ã®ããã«ç解ãã©ã®ããã«åœ±é¿ãå㌠ããŠããããæããªããã°ãªããªããå€ç«ãåºå®ãããŠããŸã£ãæè²ãæåããã¯ãããªããéå»ã® åªããæ¥çžŸãç 究ãã人éã®æ¬æ§ã«ã€ããŠåãç¶ããããšã¯ãæé€ãã人éã«ãªãããã®åºæ¬ã§ãã ãã倧åŠã®é·æã¯ãã®ãã€ãããºã ãšé©å¿åã§ãããå€å žçãªåé¡ã ãã§ãªããèªç¶ã»ç€ŸäŒã»äººéã® çµéšã«ãããåè¿«ããç®ã®åã®åé¡ã«åãçµãèœåã§ããã â¡ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãäžçã®éèŠãªãã¡ã¯ã¿ãŒ æ°ããäºæ¥ã«åãçµãã§æ°ãã䟡å€ãåµåºããŠããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããšããæŠå¿µãšæŽ»åã¯ã äžçã®çµæžç€ŸäŒã«ãããŠéèŠãªãã¡ã¯ã¿ãŒã§ãããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãäžçäžã®è£œåããµãŒ ãã¹ã«ã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ãšæ¹åããããããããå¹ççã§å ¥æããããå¹æçãªãã®ã«ããŠãããã¢ã³ ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãç§ãã¡ã®å人ãšããŠã®ãããã¯ã³ãã¥ããã£ãšããŠã®ç掻ã¬ãã«ãé«ããŠã ãããŸã人ã ã®åãæ¹ãã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ãå€åãããŠããããŸããäžççã«å€©ç¶è³æºãæžå°ãã 人é¡ãæç¶å¯èœãªå°æ¥ãä¿ã£ãŠããããã«ã¯ãã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã ãã§ã¯ååã§ã¯ãªããæã ã«å¿ èŠãª ã®ã¯ãæ°ããªã¢ã€ãã¢ãå®çŸãå€ãã®äººã ãå©çšã§ããããã«ãã掻åã§ãããããããã¢ã³ãã¬ã ã¬ããŒã·ãããªã®ã§ããã ããããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããããŸãå©çšã§ãããã©ããã¯ãçµå±ã¯æã ããç解ããããšã ã«ããã£ãŠãããç解ã§ããªããã®ãèæ¡ãæ¹åããããšã¯ã§ããªãã®ã§ãããèš³ã®ããããªãç©ã ä¿®çããŠçŽãããšã¯ã§ããªããç解ããããšã¯å€§åŠæè²ã®æ ¹æ¬çãªç®çã§ãããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã· ãããšå€§åŠæè²ã¯åã£ãŠãåããªãé¢ä¿ã§ãããããããããšãããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããå€§åŠ ã®åŠéšæè²ã®ããŒããšããŠåãäžããããã®ã¯èªç¶ãªåããªã®ã§ããã ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã察象ãšããã®ã¯ããã³ãã£ãŒã ãã§ã¯ãªãã ~4~
5.
ïŒïŒæ¥æ¬ã§ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããæå³ãæã€çç± â æ°ããçµæžäŸ¡å€åµåºãæ±ããããŠãã ããšãã°ãäžã®äžã«ã€ããŠæ¬¡ã®4ã€ãèããŠã¿ããã
(1)çŸä»£ã®æ¥æ¬ã¯ã欧米ã«è¿œãã€ãè¿œãè¶ããšããé«åºŠæé·æãŸã§ã®æ代ã§ã¯ãªããäžåœçã®ã¢ãžã¢ ãæ°èåœã«è² ããªããããªè£œåã»ãµãŒãã¹ãæ°ããçã¿åºããŠãããªããã°ãªããªãã ïŒ è ç·ç倧è£ã®æœæ¿æ¹éæŒèª¬ã2011幎1æ24æ¥ãè¡è°é¢æ¬äŒè° ïŒ ã»äžçäžããæ°ããæ代ãçãæãã«ã¯ã©ãããã°ããã暡玢ããŠããŸããæ¥æ¬ã ãããçµæžã®éå¡ã瀟 äŒã®äžå®ã«ããããŠããèš³ã«ã¯ãããªãã®ã§ããçŸå®ãå·éã«èŠè©°ããå åãã®å§¿å¢ãåŸæ¥ã®åºå®èŠ³å¿µ ããè±åŽããããããŠãå¢ããå¢ãã¢ãžã¢ã®æé·ãæãåœã«åã蟌ã¿ãåœé瀟äŒãšç¹æ ããšãã«ããæ° ããå ¬åŒãèŠã€ãåºãããŸãã瀟äŒæ§é ã®å€åã®äžã§ããã®åœã«æ®ãã幞ãã®åœ¢ãæããä»å¹Žãããã ãããåœã¥ããã«åãèµãåããç§ã®ãã®æ±ºæã®äžèº«ããããã説æããããŸãã (2)倧åŠçã®å°±è·ãæ·±å»ãªç¶æ³ã«ãããäŒæ¥ãæ°åæ¡çšãæå¶ããŠããçç±ã¯ãèŠæš¡ã®æ¡å€§ã«ç©æ¥µå§¿ å¢ãåããªãããã§ãããæ°ããåžå Žãåµãã ããå売ã«ãã£ãŠçµæžäŸ¡å€ãå¢ãããŠãããªãã ã°ã瀟äŒã§æŽ»èºãã¹ãè¥è ãæãããããæé·ãã¯è¥ãäžä»£ã«æ©æµããããããã®ãªã®ã ã (3)å°æ¹ãã¿ããšãå°ååã»é«éœ¢åãéçã«ãã£ãŠæ²æ»ããŠãããããšãã°å°æ¹éœåžã®ååºè¡ã¯ã·ã£ ãã¿ãŒéããšåããåãæã®è¥è ãããªããéçšã®åãç¿ã§ããã¹ã倧äŒæ¥ã¯ãå°æ¹ã«å·¥å Žã«å»º èšãããããã¢ãžã¢ã«å·¥å Žãäœã£ãŠçŸå°çç£ãããŠãããå°æ¹ã¯ã¢ãžã¢ãšèŠããªã競äºãããŠã ãã®ã§ãããæ²æ»ãæéããããšãçãåžçºæã¯ãæ°ããå°å Žç£åãBçŽã°ã«ã¡ã®æ°ååäœãã æµ·å€èŠ³å 客ãããã¹ããŒãã®èªèŽãªã©ãããŸããŸãªãå°åæ¯èçããæšé²ããŠããã (4)æ±æ¥æ¬å€§éçœã§ãããŸãã被害ãåããæ¥æ¬ã¯ããããã埩èã®æ代ã«ãªããæŠçœã®åŸã®ãã㪠æ±åå°æ¹ã§ãäœäžäººãã®äººã ãæåéããŒãããä»äºãåéããŠãããæ°Žç£æ¥ãåéãããå°å£² ã®ååºã埩掻ãããããããããå å·¥å ŽãäœãçŽããåºãæ°ç¯ããæ°ããªçãã糧ãåµãäžã㊠ããããšã ããã 以äžã¯æ¥é ã®ãã¥ãŒã¹ã§èãããã話ã§ãããããããã«ããæ°ããåãçµã¿ããšãããã¬ãŒãºã å ¥ã£ãŠãããæ°éäŒæ¥ã ãã§ãªããåœãèªæ²»äœãå°æ¹ã®äººã ãåŠçããæ°ããããšãèããŠäŒãŠãŠå 建ããŠãããã°ãªããªãã â¡ããããã®å Žã«ãããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãã ã ãããããæ°ããåãçµã¿ãåŠã¶ããšãå¿ èŠã§ãããéèŠã§ããã æ°ããçµæžäŸ¡å€ãåµåºããã ã ããçµæžäŸ¡å€ åµåºããã çµæžäŸ¡å€ã ãšããç®æšãšããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããåŠã³ç 究ãã21äžçŽæ¥æ¬ã®èª²é¡ã«å¯ŸåŠããŠããããšãé èŠã«ãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã ãã¡ãããæ¢åã®çµæžåŠãçµå¶åŠã瀟äŒåŠããããã¯çå·¥åŠã®åéããããããã£ãåé¡ã«åãçµ ãããšãã§ãããããããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ããããã®åŠåé åã«æ¬ ããŠããæ°ããç¥èã äžã®äžã«æäŸã§ããæŠå¿µã§ããã å®ç€ŸäŒã®è·å Žã«ãããŠãæ°ããäºæ¥ãè¡ãç¥èæè¡ã掻çšããå Žé¢ã¯ã©ãã«ããã ããããããšã ã°ãäžã®è¡šã§ç€ºããè·å Žã§ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããã©ã®ããã«æŽ»çšã§ããããèªåã§æ³åããŠã¿ã ããããã§èããäžã§ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã®éèŠæ§ããã®ããšæããã«ãªã£ãŠããã ããã ããããã®è·å Žã«ããããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã è·å Ž 課é¡ãšäºæ¥æ§æ³ ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãã NPOæ³äººã㫠人ãšããŸãã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããªãé«æ ¡çãšç€ŸäŒãšãªããŸãããããžã§ã¯ããç« æ°ééå¶å©çµç¹ã«ãã瀟äŒæ¹é©éåã®æ° ã¿ãªãã ã¡äžãNPOæ³äººãèšç«ãããã掻åè³éããã©ã³ãã£ã¢ã®æ°ã足ããªãã ããåãçµã¿ã ååºè¡ã§å¶æ¥ããŠããå€æ¬å±ã¯åºãéãããã4幎åã«å§ããã¢ããŸã³ã«åº åæ©åžã®å€æ¬ åºããŠããã¢ãã£ãªãšãŒãããã°ã©ã ïŒå€æžECããžãã¹ïŒãæ¥æé·ãæ¡å€§ããã æ°ããæµé圢æ ïŒECïŒãžã®åãçµã¿ã å± ãã«å€æžè²·åã®åºãäœãããšãæ€èšäžã éçåãé²ãçºã«ãããŠãçºç¬èªã®æ°ããå°å Žç£åã®äŒç»ã補ååã暡玢 çŠå³¶çã®çºåœ¹ ããŠãããã倧åãããŸããããã«å€±æããŠãããããã«äœãªã¹ã¯ã§ãããã売ã æ°ããå°å Žç£åã®éçºãšè²©å£²äŒç»ã å Ž ã補åãäœã£ãŠãããã課é¡ã«ãªã£ãŠããã åèåžã®ç€ŸäŒ åèåžã®è人åãä»è·ã±ã¢æœèšãæ ¢æ§çã«äžè¶³ã§ãçŠç¥åè°äŒã®ã¡ã³ã㌠瀟äŒçŠç¥å£äœã®æ°èŠäºæ¥é²åºã çŠç¥åè°äŒ ã§ãã€ã±ã¢ã»ã³ã¿ãŒéèšãèããŠããã çåŸã®ãããã®åé¡ãåŠæ ¡è¿èŸºã®æ²»å®ã®åé¡ããä¿è·è ãå°åé¢ä¿è ãå° äžå°Ÿåžã®å°åŠ åŠæ ¡ã§ã®æ°ããæè²æ¯æŽäœå¶ã®äŒç»ãšæ§ åŠæ ¡ã«åç»ããŠããã£ãŠäžç·ã«åŠæ ¡çµå¶ãèããŠã¢ã¯ã·ã§ã³ããåãçµã¿ãæš¡ æ ¡ ç¯ã 玢ããŠããã ~5~
6.
ïŒïŒãªã倧åŠã§ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããããªã®ãïŒ ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãé·ããçµæžåŠã®ããŒãã®äžã€ã«ãããªããšèããããŠããããããã æè¿ã®ç 究ã§ã¯ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããçŸä»£çµæžã«ãããå¯ã®åµåºã®äž»åœ¹ãšããŠå å°çãªåœ¹å²ã æ ã£ãŠããããšãèªããããŠãããå°ãªããšãéå»20幎ã®äžçã§ã¯ããããæ°ããäºæ¥ãèªçããã ããã®äºæ¥ã®åååã§ããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯äººéã®å¹žçŠãåäžãããããã§éèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæ ãããŠããã ããããèªèãããäžã§ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å€§åŠã§ã¯ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã«é¢ããè¬çŸ©ã¯æ¥æ¿ã«å¢å ããŠããã以åããããžãã¹ã¹ã¯ãŒã«ã§ã¯äžè¬çãªã«ãªãã¥ã©ã ãšããŠæ±ãããŠããããè¿å¹Žã¯é¢å¿ ãé«ãŸãäžã§åŠéšæè²ã®äžã§æãæ¥éã«æ¡å€§ããŠããããŒãã§ããã
ãã調æ»ã«ããã°ã1985幎åœæã ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å€§åŠã§èšçœ®ãããŠããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããé¢é£ç§ç®ã¯çŽ250ã ã£ããã®ãã 2008幎çŸåš ã§ã¯5000ãè¶ ããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããå°æ»ç§ç®ã«ã§ãã倧åŠã®ããã°ã©ã ã¯ã1975幎ã®104æ ¡ ãã2006幎ã«ã¯500æ ¡è¶ ãžãšå¢å ããŠããã äžã®è¡šã¯ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããæè²ã§æå 端ã«ãããããœã³å€§åŠïŒç±³ããµãã¥ãŒã» ããå·ïŒçµå¶åŠéšã§éè¬ããŠããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããé¢é£ç§ç®ã®ãªã¹ãã§ãããäžèŠããŠããã ããã«ã倧åŠã§ã¯ãã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ã®çµå¶ã ããæããŠããã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã¡ããªãŒããžãã¹ïŒå®¶ æ¥ïŒã倧äŒæ¥ã®ã³ãŒãã¬ãŒãã»ãã³ãã£ãŒãäžçååœã®ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããããããã¯ç€ŸäŒåé¡ã ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã®èŠç¹ã§åæããŠè§£æ±ºã«åãåãçµãããšãã瀟äŒåŠé¢ä¿ã®ææ¥ãããã€ã èšããããŠãããããã¯4幎å¶åŠéšã®å€§åŠçïŒããžãã¹ã¹ã¯ãŒã«çã®é¢çã§ã¯ãªãïŒã«å¯Ÿããææ¥ã§ã ããå°æ»ç§ç®ãšããŠã ãã§ã¯ãªããæé€ç§ç®ããšããŠã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããæããããŠããããš ããããã§ãããã ãããœã³å€§åŠã»çµå¶åŠéšïŒåŠéšïŒã®ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããé¢é£ç§ç® åé äž»ããŒã è¬çŸ©ã®å称ïŒè±èªåæïŒ çµå¶ç®¡ç äºæ¥æ©äŒ Entrepreneurship and Opportunity æé·äºæ¥ã®çµå¶ç®¡ç Managing Growing Businesses ãã¯ãããžãŒ New Technology Ventures èµ·æ¥å®¶è« Great Entrepreneurial Wealth: Creation, Preservation and Destruction ãã¡ããªãŒããžãã¹æŠç¥ Key to Success Family Business Enterprises èµ·æ¥å®¶ãšããŠã®å®¶æ¥çµå¶ Family as Entrepreneur ã³ãŒãã¬ãŒãã»ãã³ãã£ãŒ Corporate Entrepreneurship ããŒã±ãã£ã³ã° Marketing for Entrepreneurs æé·æŠç¥ Venture Growth Strategies äºæ¥ã®å®è·µæŒç¿ The Ultimate Entrepreneurial Challenge ãã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ è³é調é Raising Money-VC, Angels & Incubators ãã³ãã£ãŒãã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ Entrepreneurial Finance åœé äžåœã®èµ·æ¥ Entrepreneurship and New Ventures in China äžåç±³ã®èµ·æ¥ Entrepreneurship in Latin America ã¢ãžã¢ã®èµ·æ¥ Entrepreneurship in Asia ç€ŸäŒ ç€ŸäŒçèµ·æ¥å®¶è« The Enlightened Entrepreneur: Changemakers, Inspired Protagonists, and Unreasonable People 瀟äŒçèµ·æ¥ã®èšç» Social Entrepreneurship by Design 瀟äŒçèµ·æ¥ã®çµå¶ç®¡ç Social Enterprise Management 瀟äŒåé¡ã®èŠ³å¯ The Enlightened Observer ç°å¢ãšèµ·æ¥ Environmental and Sustainable Entrepreneurship ãã«ã³ã®ç°å¢é¢é£èµ·æ¥ Social Responsibility through Eco-Enterprise in Turkey ã¢ããªã«ã®èµ·æ¥ãšç€ŸäŒ South Africa: Entrepreneurship, Culture, & Society in Developing Economy æå èµ·æ¥çæå The Creation of Entrepreneurial Culture within your Organization ã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ãã èµ·æ¥äœéšïŒäžè¬ïŒ Living the Entrepreneurial Experience (General Focus) èµ·æ¥äœéšïŒäŒæ¥ïŒ Living the Entrepreneurial Experience (Corporate Focus) èµ·æ¥äœéšïŒæè¡éçºïŒ Living the Entrepreneurial Experience (Technology Focus) èµ·æ¥äœéšïŒå®¶æ¥ïŒ Living the Entrepreneurial Experience (Family Focus) èµ·æ¥äœéšïŒç€ŸäŒèµ·æ¥ïŒ Living the Social Entrepreneurial Experience ïŒåºæïŒãããœã³å€§åŠããŒã ããŒãžã ããã«ã¯ãæè¿ã®å€§åŠèªäœããèµ·æ¥æŽ»åãè¡ã£ãŠãããå倧åŠã¯ãæè¡ç§»è»¢ãªãã£ã¹ã ïŒTLOã Technology Transfer OfficeãïŒãéããŠã倧åŠå ã®æå¡ãç 究è ããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ãèšç«ããŠèªã ã®ç 究ãåžå Žåãã«åååããããšãæ¯æŽããŠãããç 究æ©é¢ãšããŠã®å€§åŠã¯ãã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ãã æ°ããªäŒæ¥ã®åºç€ãšãªããããªæ°ããªè£œåã»ããã»ã¹ã®åµé ãšããç¹ã§ãå¯äžã§ã¯ãªãã«ããéèŠãª æºæ³ãšãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã倧åŠãæå¡ã«ããéèŠãªæŽ»åãšããŠã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããæ²ãã€ã€ã ãããã掻åãåŠçãã¡ã«æããŠããªããšããã°ãåŠæ ¡ã®äœ¿åœãšå®è·µãä¹é¢ããŠããŸãã ~6~
7.
ïŒïŒã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã®åŠã³æ¹ ïŒïŒïŒã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããæè²ã®ç¹åŸŽ
ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããæè²ã® æè² â 察象ãå ·äœçãªãçŸå®ã®æŽ»åã ã§ã¯ã倧åŠçã¯ã©ã®ããã«ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããåŠãã§ããã°ããã®ã ããïŒã ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãé³æ¥œãšåæ§ã«ãããŒããèªãäœãåºããããªåŠåã§ãã£ãŠãç®æšãšãª ãããšãçºèŠãããããªåŠåã§ã¯ãªããããšãã°ãæŽå²åŠã瀟äŒåŠã人é¡åŠãšã¯éã£ãŠãã¢ã³ãã¬ã ã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ããã®ç 究察象ãåŠã¶è ãèªåã§äœãåºããã®ã ããŸããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã® é¢å¿ã¯å ·äœçãªçŸå®ãããªãã¡æ°äºæ¥ãäŒæ¥ã補åããµãŒãã¹ãäœã£ãŠãã掻åã§ãããå²åŠè ã¯ã ã£ã±ãä»ã®å²åŠè ãçžæã«è©±ãããæžãããããã ããããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒãé³æ¥œå®¶ã«ãšã£ãŠã¯ã ã芳客ãããåžå Žããå¿ èŠã§ããã â¡é³æ¥œãšã®é¡äŒŒ 倧åŠã®ã«ãªãã¥ã©ã ã®äžã§ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããã©ã®ããã«äœçœ®ã¥ãããããç解ããã«ã¯ã ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããšé³æ¥œãæ¯èŒãããšãããããããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããæè²ãšã¯ãé³æ¥œ æè²ãšåãããã«ããããã§ãã·ã§ãã«ããã¢ããã¥ã¢ãŸã§åºããé£ç¶äœã«æ²¿ã£ãŠè¡ããããé³æ¥œã® å Žåã掻åã®äžæ¹ã®ç«¯ã«ã¯äœæ²å®¶ãæŒå¥å®¶ããããä»æ¹ã®ç«¯ã«ã¯ãäœæ²å®¶ãæŒå¥å®¶ã®ããã©ãŒãã³ã¹ ãéè³ãã芳客ãããããã®äžéã«ã¯ãææ®ãç¹å®ã®æ¥œåšã®ç¿åŸãçè«ãæŽå²ãªã©ãé³æ¥œã«ãããå€ ãã®ãã¡ã¯ã¿ãŒãååšããé³æ¥œãšããèžè¡ããŒããç解ã楜ããããšã«è²¢ç®ãããŸãé³æ¥œãããçºå± ãããŠãããé³æ¥œã®æè²ãšã¯ãããããé£ç¶äœã倧åã«ããã©ã®ãã¡ã¯ã¿ãŒã軜èŠããªããã®ã§ããã é³æ¥œæè²ã§ã¯ãåæŒå¥å®¶ã«ã¯ã©ãããã°ãã£ãšè¯ãæŒå¥ãã§ããããæããéè³ãã人éã«ã¯ã©ã®ã ãã«é³æ¥œãå³ããããæãããé³æ¥œãã©ã®ããã«äœçšãããã瀺ããã©ã®ããã«å€åããŠããããå³ ç€ºãããã®èŠçŽ ãåæããã ããã«é³æ¥œã¯ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããšåæ§ã«ç«¶äºãè¡ããããå®å䞻矩ãã§ãããããããã® å®åãšãããã®ã¯ãåçŽãªãã®ã§ã絶察çã§ããªããé³æ¥œãèŽã芳客ã«åœ±é¿ããã芳客ãé³æ¥œã®ã㌠ãã®åœ¢æãæäŒããã©ã®ãããªé³æ¥œã倧åãªã®ããèŽãæã決ãããèŽãæã®è¶£å³ãè¯ããªããæåŸ ã®æ°Žæºãé«ãŸãã»ã©ãé³æ¥œã¯è¯ããã®ã«ãªã£ãŠãããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããé³æ¥œãšåæ§ã«å®åäž» 矩ã®äžçã ããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã®å®åã¯åžå ŽïŒã客ãéèŠå®¶ïŒã«ãã決ããããããã®ãã ã«ãé³æ¥œã®ã·ã¹ãã ã¯ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã«çžåœçšåºŠããŠã¯ãŸãã®ã§ããã â¢å€§åŠããããã«æè²ã¯ç°ãªã ããããã®å€§åŠã§ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããæè²ã®æ çµã¿ãç»äžçã«é©çšã§ãããšã¯èãã«ããã åŠæ ¡ãéãã°ã察象ãšããåŠçãæå¡ããæŽå²ããæåããç®çãå¥ã ã§ããã倧åŠã¯ããŸããŸãªæ è²çãªæ©èœãæãããŠãããåŠçã®äžä»£ãå€æ§åããŠãããããšãã°ãããžãã¹ã¹ã¯ãŒã«ã䜵èšãã 倧åŠã«ãããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãããžãã¹ã¹ã¯ãŒã«ãæããªã倧åŠã®ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ã ãæè²ãšã¯å¥ç©ãããããªããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãããã®æè²ã§ã©ãã®å€§åŠã«ãOKããšãã åŠåã§ã¯ãªããããããã®æè²èª²çšã«ã¯ç¹æã®ææããããæè²å¯Ÿè±¡ã®åŠçãããã倧åŠã®å°å ã®ã³ ãã¥ããã£ã®äžã§æŽ»åããŠããããããã£ãŠãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããæè²ã¯ãäžã€ã®åŠæ¹ç®ããã ããã§ã¯ãªãã®ã§ããã ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã掻åãã瀟äŒã¯ãå¶ç¶ã«ãã£ãŠåºçŸããç¶ããŠãããã®ã§ã¯ãªããæã ããã ããæ§ç¯ãç¶æããŠãããªããã°ãªããªãã®ã ããã®ããã«ã¯ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããããªã倧å ãªã®ãããããã©ã®ããã«äœçšããã®ããããããã°ãããç¶æã§ããã®ããç解ããå¿ èŠãããã ããããåŠç¿ãã§ããå ŽãæäŸããã®ã倧åŠæè²ãªã®ã§ããã â£ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãå€é¢çãªèŠçŽ ãããªãå®è·µçåŠå å ã«ã¿ãããã«ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯å®ç€ŸäŒã®çŸå®æŽ»åãããŒãã§ããããããã¯äžã€äžã€ ã®å€ç«ãã掻åã§ã¯ãªããå€çš®å€æ§ãªèŠçŽ ã«åœ±é¿ããããçµå¶åŠã®å®è·µãšããŠã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ã ããèããŠã¿ãŠããçµæžãéèãæ³åŸãæ¿æ²»ã瀟äŒãæåãªã©ã®èŠçŽ ã掻åã«åœ±é¿ãäœçšããŠããã ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãããã®èŠçŽ ïŒåŠåã®åéïŒãçµã³ã€ããããããã«åŒ·åãããããã㊠çè«ãšå®è·µãæ©æž¡ãããã·ã¹ãã ã«ãªã£ãŠããã ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯çŸå®ã®ããžãã¹ãéèŠããŠãããããçè«ãæ玢ã§ã¯ãªãå ·äœçãªããž ãã¹ã®æåŠãéèŠã§ãããå ·äœçãªããžãã¹ã¯ããåŠç¿ãã§ã¯ãªãããè¡åãã§ãããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ã ãŒã·ããã¯ãæ°ããäºæ¥ãç®æãææãæ§æ³ããããã£ããããã€ãã¿ããããŠèµ·æ¥æŽ»åããã®ãã ã»ã¹ãç解ãããç¥èããšãçµéšããåŠã³ããã®ãããªåŠç¿ãçµãã£ãäžã§æ°ããäºæ¥ã®ãã£ã³ã¹ã ãšãããŠèµ·æ¥ããŠããïŒè¡åïŒãšããããã»ã¹ãæãŸãããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã®æè²ãããã® ããã»ã¹ã«ãããã£ãŠè¡ãããŠããããšãæé©ã§ããã ~7~
8.
ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããæè²ã®ã€ã¡ãŒãžã
Heinonen. J., et al.(2006) âAn entrepreneurial-directed approach to entrepreneurship education: mission impossible?â, Journal of Management Development, vol.25, pp.80-94. ïŒïŒïŒã©ã®ãããªç§ç®ãåŠãã§ããã ã©ã®ãããªç§ç®ã ç§ç® ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯æ°ããåŠåé åã§ãããæ¥æ¬ã§åããŠã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ã ãã®å°éã³ãŒã¹ãéèšãããã®ã¯1992幎ã®æ³æ¿å€§åŠå€§åŠé¢ã®èµ·æ¥å®¶ã³ãŒã¹ã§ããããããããŸã 20幎 ãçµã£ãŠããªãã2008幎æç¹ã§ã¯æ¥æ¬å šåœã®247ã®å€§åŠã»å€§åŠé¢ã§ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããé¢é£ã®ç§ç® ãæããããŠãããããŸã æè²äœç³»ãå åã«æŽåããã倧åŠã¯å°ãªãã â 倧åŠåŠéšã§åŠã¶ããšãæãŸããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããé å ã§ã¯ãåŠçã¯ã©ã®ãããªç§ç®ãåããªããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããåŠãã§ãããã倧åŠãèšçœ®ã ãç§ç®ãå°ãªããããåœç¶ãåŠçãèªç±ã«éžæããäœå°ã¯å°ãªãããã®ãããªå¶çŽããããã®ã®ãçŸ åšã®æ¥æ¬ã«ãããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããããã¿ãŠå¿ èŠãªåŠç¿é åã¯ä»¥äžã®ãããªãã®ãèããããã ããããäžèšã®ãããªè¬çŸ©ç§ç®ãå®åããŠãã倧åŠã¯æ¥æ¬ã«ã¯å°ãªããå€ãã®å€§åŠã§ã¯ãã£ã³ãã¹ã§ ïŒãïŒç§ç®ã®è¬çŸ©ãéããŠéå¶ããŠãããããå å®ã¯äžè¡šã®ãããªããŒãããŸãšããŠè¬çŸ©ãããã㪠ããããããããã®ç·è±çãªè¬çŸ©ã«ãªã£ãŠããããã«ãæãããã 1.çµå¶ç®¡ç ã»ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã®ææãæ©äŒãäºæ¥æ§æ³ã ã»ãã³ãã£ãŒã®äºæ¥èšç»ïŒããžãã¹ã»ãã©ãã³ã°ïŒ ã» ã ã»ãã³ãã£ãŒã®çµå¶æŠç¥ãçµç¹è«ã ã»ãã³ãã£ãŒã®ããŒã±ãã£ã³ã°ã ã»æè¡çµå¶ããã€ãã¯ãããžãŒãšçµå¶ç®¡çã 2.èµ·æ¥å®¶è« ã»èµ·æ¥å®¶ã®å¿ èŠæ¡ä»¶ãçŽ è³ªãèæ¯ã ã»èµ·æ¥å®¶ã®æŽå²ã 3.å¶åºŠ ã»ãã³ãã£ãŒã®äŒèšã財å管çã ã»äŒç€Ÿå¶åºŠãæ³å¶åºŠã 4.ãã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ ã»ãã³ãã£ãŒãã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ã ã»æ ªåŒåžå Žã 5.ã¯ãŒã¯ã·ã§ãã ã»ãã³ãã£ãŒã®å®è·µããã°ã©ã ã 6.è¬æŒãã€ãã³ã ã»ãã³ãã£ãŒçµå¶è ã®è¬æŒã ã»ããžãã¹ãã©ã³çºè¡šäŒã ~8~
9.
â¡å®éã«äœããåŠãã§ããã ãšã¯ããããã®ãããªéå¶ã®è©±ã¯å€§åŠåŽã®åé¡ã§ãããåœã®å€§åŠçã¯äžããããæ¡ä»¶ã®äžã§åŠã㧠ãããããªãããŸãã¯ãéãåŠéšã®ã·ã©ãã¹ãèªã¿ãè¬çŸ©ãèããŠã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããèãã è¬çŸ©ãæžç±ã§ç¥èãã€ãã瀟äŒãç¥ããæ¹åãèããããšãæãŸããã 倧åŠã®éãããè¬çŸ©ããåã身ãã§èãåŠã³ãªãããèªåèªèº«ã§ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããäž»äœç ã«èããŠããã®ã§ãããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ç¬ç«ããåŠåäœç³»ã§ã¯ãªããçµå¶ã»çµæžã»ç€ŸäŒã» å·¥åŠçã®åŠèãçµã¿åããã£ãŠãããäœããåŠã¶ããšããã°ãèªåãèå³ããã圹ç«ã€ããèããŠã ä»ããè¬çŸ©ãéžã³åŠãã§ããããšã§ãããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããæè²ã«ãçæ³çãªã¢ãã«ãšããã ããªå±¥ä¿®äœç³»ãåŠçãèããå¿ èŠã¯ãªãããããŠèšãã°ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããå ¥éçã«æãã è¬çŸ©ããéžæããŠããã°ãããããã§æå¡ãéç¹ãšããå 容ïŒåéïŒãæãäžããŠå±¥ä¿®ããŠããããš ãæåã®éžæã§ãããã
ãŸããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããåŠã¶å Žã¯å¿ ããã倧åŠã®äžã ãã§ã¯ãªããåŠå ã§åŠã¶ããšãæã å¹ççã§äœç³»çãšæãããããçã«å®è·µçã§æè¿ã®ç¥èæ å ±ã¯åŠå€ã®ç€ŸäŒã«ããããã§ããã倧åŠã® äžã§ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããåŠã¶ãšåæã«ã瀟äŒãããããªçµéšãããå®ç€ŸäŒã®å 茩ã«è©±ãèãã ãšããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããæè²ã®éèŠãªäžéšåãšèããã¹ãã ã ïŒåŒçšïŒKauffman Foundation (2008), âEntrepreneurship in Higher EducationâïŒ â èšåïŒ èšåïŒ 1. ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãå®è·µçãã§ããããããã¯ãªããã 2. ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã§ãçµéšãšè¡åããéèŠã§ããçç±ã«ã€ããŠãèªåã®èããè¿°ã¹ãªããã 3. 倧äŒæ¥ã¯ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãããŸãã圹æã瀟äŒçŠç¥å£äœã¯ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ã ãã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãã 4. æ±æ¥æ¬å€§éçœãã埩èã«åããŠè¡ãä»äºã¯ãã©ãã«ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããããã®ãã 5. ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯åŠã¹ãã®ããåŠã¹ãªãéšåããããšããã°äœãã 6. ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã倧åŠã§åŠã¹ã°ãå®ç€ŸäŒã§ã©ã®ããã«åœ¹ç«ã€ã§ãããããèªåèªèº«ã®è ãããŸãšããŠã¿ããã ~9~
10.
â ¡ïŒèµ·æ¥å®¶ãšãã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ èµ·æ¥å®¶ãšãã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ ïŒïŒïŒèµ·æ¥å®¶ã®æå³
ïŒããããããè±èªïŒentrepreneur ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ã㌠ãäŒæ¥å®¶ããšãèšãã ãèµ·æ¥å®¶ã entrepreneur ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã entrepreneurãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ã㌠ïŒãšã¯ãèª ãäºæ¥ãèµ·ããè ããããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãéåžžã¯ãã³ãã£ãŒäŒæ¥ãçµå¶ãã人ã ãæãããšãå€ããã欧 ç±³ã§ã¯èªå¶æ¥è ã家æ¥ããããã¯æ°ãã瀟äŒççµç¹ã®ç«ã¡äžãïŒç€ŸäŒèµ·æ¥å®¶ïŒãªã©ãå«ããŠãæ¥æ¬ã ããå¹ åºãæå³ã«äœ¿ãããŠãããè±èªã®entrepreneurã¯ããã©ã³ã¹èªã§ãã"entrepreneur"ïŒã¢ã³ã ã«ãã«ããŒã«ãè«è² æ¥è ã»èµ·æ¥å®¶ïŒã®è±èªèªã¿ããå§ãŸã£ãã äœãã«åããããã äºæ¥ãèããšããæå³ã®èšèãšããŠã¯ãè±èªã«ã¯ãundertakeããäžè¬çã§ããã ãããããundertakerãã«ã¯ãè¬åå±ããšããæå³ãããããšãå«ãããŠãçŸåšã§ã¯ãentrepreneurã ãšãããã©ã³ã¹èªèµ·æºã®èšèããèµ·æ¥å®¶ãã«çžåœããè±èªã«ãªã£ãŠããã ntrepreneurã®å®çŸ©ïŒ ïŒEntrepreneurã®å®çŸ©ïŒ An entrepreneur is a person who has possession of a new enterprise, venture or idea and is accountable for the inherent risks and the outcome. The term was originally a loanword from French and was first defined by the Irish-economist Richard Cantillon. Entrepreneur in English is a term applied to a person who is willing to launch a new venture or enterprise and accept full responsibility for the outcome. Jean-Baptiste, a French economist, is believed to have coined the word "entrepreneur" in the 19th century - he defined an entrepreneur as "one who undertakes an enterprise, especially a contractor, acting as intermediately between capital and labor. èµ·æ¥å®¶ã¯ãæ°ããäºæ¥ãææŠãè¡ãããšããç±æãæã£ã人éã§ããããªã¹ã¯ãçµæãžã®è²¬ä»»ãæã€äººã 㧠ããããã®èšèã¯ããšããšãã©ã³ã¹èªããåçšãããã¢ã€ã«ã©ã³ãã®çµæžåŠè ãªãã£ãŒãã»ã«ã³ãã£ãšã³ãå ããŠå®çŸ©ãããã®ã§ãããè±èªã§ã¯ãèµ·æ¥å®¶ãšããçšèªã¯ãæ°ããããžãã¹ãäŒæ¥ãèšç«ããçµæã«å¯Ÿããå š 責任ãè² ãããšãããšããªã人éã«å¯ŸããŠé©çšãããããã©ã³ã¹ã®çµæžåŠè ãžã£ã³=ããã£ã¹ãã¯ã19äžçŽã« èµ·æ¥å®¶ãšããèšèãçãŸãããšèããŠããã圌ã¯ãèµ·æ¥å®¶ã«ã€ããŠãè³æ¬ãšåŽåã®äžéçååšãšããŠæŽ»åãã ãã®äºã€ã®èŠçŽ ã®æŽ»çšãè«ãè² ã£ãŠãäŒæ¥çµå¶ãåŒãåãã人éãšå®çŸ©ããã ïŒWikipediaããåŒçšïŒ ïŒïŒïŒã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã®è§£é Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur, which can be defined as "one who undertakes innovations, finance and business acumen in an effort to transform innovations into economic goods". ã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãèµ·æ¥å®¶ãããªãã¡ã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ãçµæžç䟡å€ã«è»¢æããããšããŠæè¡é©æ°ã éè掻åãããžãã¹æè¡ã«åãçµãããšãã人ã ã®è«žæŽ»åã®ããšãèšãã ïŒWikipediaããåŒçšïŒ ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããïŒè±èªïŒentrepreneurshipïŒã¯ãæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯éåžžãèµ·æ¥å®¶ç²Ÿç¥ã ïŒããã ã¯äŒæ¥å®¶ç²Ÿç¥ïŒãšèš³ãããããšãå€ããããªãã¡ãå¿ã®åããéãæ°åãç念ãèªå°å¿ãšãã£ãå¿ç çæ°è³ªããããããããã«èªèãããããšãå°ãªããªããæ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ããããããã¹ããŒããã³ã·ããã ïŒã¹ããŒããã³ç²Ÿç¥ïŒã®è§£éã«ãŸããŠãentrepreneurshipã®æ¥å°ŸèŸã§ãã"-ship"ãã粟ç¥ããšè§£éã ããããããªãã ããããäžè¡šã®ããã«ãentrepreneurshipã®è±èªãæ¥æ¬èªã«èš³ããšãèµ·æ¥å®¶ã®æŽ»åãæ°ããäºæ¥ã çã¿åºã掻åããšããæå³ãšãªã£ãŠãããã€ãŸããè±èªã®entrepreneurshipã¯ãæ¥æ¬èªã§ãèµ·æ¥å®¶ç²Ÿ ç¥ã ãšè¡šçŸããã粟ç¥çãªæå³ãããã æ°ããäºæ¥ãèµ·ãããšãã掻åã®å šäœçãªæå³ãæã£ãŠããã æ¥æ¬ã®ç 究è ã«ãããŠããããšãã°æž æææã¯ãäŒæ¥å®¶ãšã¯äœãã ïŒæž æå¿ ç·ç·šèš³ãæ±æŽçµæžæ°å ±ç€Ÿã 1998幎ïŒã®åºæã§ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ããã¯ãæ£ç¢ºã«ã¯ç²Ÿç¥ããå«ããå šäœçãªäŒæ¥å®¶æŽ»åãæå³ ããããšè¿°ã¹ãŠããã ~ 10 ~
11.
ïŒïŒïŒãã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ãšããå補è±èª â ããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ããããã¹ã¿ãŒãã¢ããããïŒ æ¥æ¬ã§ã¯ãèµ·æ¥å®¶ãç«ã¡äžããäŒç€Ÿã®ããšãããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ã
ïŒventure businessïŒãããã ã¯ããã³ãã£ãŒäŒæ¥ãããã³ãã£ãŒããšããèšèã§è¡šçŸããŠããããã®3ã€ãšãåãæå³ã§çšããã㊠ã ããããããããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ã¯è±èªã§ã¯äœ¿ããªããã€ãŸãå補è±èªã§ããããŸããè±èªåã§ã¯ ããã³ãã£ãŒã ãšããèšèãã»ãšãã©çšããããŠãããã äžè¬ã«ã¯ ãstartupã ãšããèšèã䜿ãããã startupã¯éæ¥å šäœãæãåºãæå³ããããæ¥æ¬èªã§èšããèªå¶æ¥ããå«ãŸãããè±èªã§ã¯ãæ°ããçµ ç¹ãèšç«ããŠè¡ãäºæ¥ã¯ãã¹ãŠstartupãšèšãã®ã§ããã Wikipediaã«"A venture is a major undertaking, synonymous with adventure."ãšæžããŠãããã ã«ããã³ãã£ãŒãšã¯åéºãææŠã«çžåœãããã®ã§ãã£ãŠãäŒæ¥æŽ»åãæãèšèã§ã¯ãªããæ¥æ¬ã§ãã³ ãã£ãŒäŒæ¥ãè¡šããé«ãæé·ãç®æããŠãªã¹ã¯ã«ææŠããäŒæ¥ããšããæå³ã«å¯ŸããŠã¯ãè±èªå㧠ã¯âemerging enterprisesâãâemerging companiesâããã䜿ãããããŸããç±³åœã®æ¿çã«ãã㊠ã¯ãâEmerging Business Enterprisesâ (EBE)ãæ¥æ¬èªã§ããã°ãæ°èäŒæ¥ãã䜿ãããŠãããããã ã®è±èªã¯startupãããç¯å²ãçãŸã£ããã®ã§ã ãæ°èŠæ§ã®ããäºæ¥ãè¡ã£ãŠãã瀟æŽã®æ°ããäŒæ¥ã ã æããŠããã â¡ããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ã䜿çšã®çµç·¯ ããã³ãã£ãŒã»ããžãã¹ããšããèšèãããåœã§æåã«çšããã®ã¯ãäžå°äŒæ¥åºæå°éšèª¿æ»ïŒèª²é·ïŒåœæïŒã®äœ è¿éã§ããã1970幎5æã«OECDå·¥æ¥å§å¡äŒãšãã¹ãã³å€§åŠå ±å¬ã®ç¬¬2åãã¹ãã³ã»ã«ã¬ããžã»ãããžã¡ã³ãã»ãã㌠ã«åå ããäœã¯ãåž°æå ±åã®ãªãã§ç±³åœã§ã¯ããã³ãã£ãŒã»ããžãã¹ããšããæ°ããäžå°äŒæ¥ãå°é ããŠãããšã® å ±åããããªã£ãããšãããããã®ã»ãããŒã¯ããã³ãã£ãŒã»ãã£ãã¿ã«ãšçµå¶ããããŒããšããŠãããäœã¯ãã³ ãã£ãŒã»ãã£ãã¿ã«ã®æè³å¯Ÿè±¡ãšããŠããäŒæ¥ã®ããšããç±³åœã§ã¯ããã³ãã£ãŒã»ããžãã¹ããšåŒãã§ãããšèª€è§£ ããŠããã®ã ã£ãã ãã®ãããåœæ°éèå ¬åº«èª¿æ»èª²é·ã®æž æå¿ ç·ïŒåœæïŒãšå°ä¿®å€§åŠææäžæç§äžéïŒåœæïŒã¯åœæ°éèå ¬åº«ã®ãå° é¶çŽ°äŒæ¥æ°èŠéæ¥å®æ 調æ»ããéããŠãç¥èéçŽåãšããããæ°ããã¿ã€ãã®äžå°äŒæ¥ãçºèŠããŠãããæž æãšäž æã¯ããã®æ°åäžå°äŒæ¥ãšããã³ãã£ãŒã»ããžãã¹ããšããé ·äŒŒããŠããããšããäœã®å ±åã«åŒ·ãé¢å¿ãæã£ãã ããã§æž æã¯ãæ¥æ¬é·æä¿¡çšéè¡èª¿æ»åœ¹ïŒåœæïŒã®å¹³å°Ÿå åžã®çŽ¹ä»ã§ãé·éäž»å¬ã®å ±åäŒã§äœãšäŒããã»ãããŒã® è³æãåãããããã«ã¯ãã³ãã£ãŒã»ããžãã¹ãšããçšèªã¯çšããããŠããªãã£ããçåã«æã£ãæž æã¯æç®ã«ã ãã£ãŠèª¿æ»ãããšãããç±³åœã§ã¯ãã®ãããªçšèªæ³ã¯ååšããªãäºå®ã確èªãããç±³åœã§ã¯ãã³ãã£ãŒã»ããžãã¹ ã¯ãåã«æ°èŠäºæ¥äžè¬ãæããŠããã«éããªãã£ããããããæž æãšäžæã¯çºèŠããæ°åäžå°äŒæ¥ããå°ãããã ã©ãç 究éçºãšããç¥èéçŽçã§ãã€ãããŒã¿ãŒçãªäŒæ¥ã¯ããã¯ãäžå°äŒæ¥ãšåŒã°ãªãæ¹ãããããšèãããã ãŠãããã®åŒç§°ã«ããã³ãã£ãŒã»ããžãã¹ããæ¡çšããã ãã®ããã«ãå補è±èªãšããŠããŸããããã³ãã£ãŒã»ããžãã¹ãã¯ã1970幎ã«æž æå¿ ç·ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«ãããæ°å äžå°äŒæ¥ã®å±éã ïŒåœæ°éèå ¬åº«ã調æ»æå ±ã114å·ïŒã«ãã£ãŠã¯ãããŠçŽ¹ä»ããããããã«ã1970幎æ«ãã71幎幎 åã«ãããŠãæž æãšäžæãçµæžéèªãžçžæ¬¡ãã§å¯çš¿ããããšããã ããã³ãã£ãŒã»ããžãã¹ããç£æ¥çã«åºãç¥ã ããããã«ãªã£ãŠãã£ããããããã³ãã£ãŒã»ããžãã¹ã®æŠå¿µã¯æœè±¡çã§ãã£ããããå€æ§ãªè§£éãèš±ããšãã£ã æ¬ ç¹ããã£ãã倧äŒæ¥ããã®ã¹ãã³ã»ãªããšãã£ãäžé¢ã®ã¿ãæããåœææµè¡ãããè±ãµã©ãªãŒãã³ããšå矩ã«æ± ããæŠå¿µãç®å°åããããšãã£ãäºæ ãçããã ããã§ããã®ãããªèª€è§£ãæ¹ãããããæž æãšäžæã¯ãæž æå¿ ç·ã äžæç§äžéã平尟å åžïŒ1971ïŒ ããã³ãã£ãŒã»ããžãã¹ãïŒæ¥æ¬çµæžæ°è瀟ïŒãå·çããã ïŒå±±åŽæ³°å€®ãæ¥æ¬ã«ããã1970 幎代ããã³ãã£ãŒã»ããžãã¹ãã®å±éãããäžéšæç²ã ïŒ ïŒïŒïŒãã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ãšäžå°äŒæ¥ã倧äŒæ¥ã®éã â æ確ãªå®çŸ©ã¯ãªã ããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ããšããèšèã«ã¯ãæ確ãªå®çŸ©ã¯ååšããªããæŠæ¬çã«è¡šçŸããã°ãæ°æè¡ ãé«åºŠãªç¥èã軞ã«ãåµé çã»é©æ°çãªçµå¶ãå±éããäžå°äŒæ¥ãã§ãããäžå°äŒæ¥ã®äžã€ã®ã°ã«ãŒ ãã§ãããå ã«è¿°ã¹ãããã«ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯ãã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ã®æŠå¿µãâEmerging Companiesâãšèš ãããšãå€ããããããæ確ãªå®çŸ©ã¯ãªããäžå°äŒæ¥ã¯ãäžå°äŒæ¥åºæ¬æ³ã«ãã£ãŠå®çŸ©ãå®ãŸã£ãŠã ãã補é æ¥ã®å Žåã¯ãè³æ¬é3åå以äžã®äŒç€Ÿãªãã³ã«åŸæ¥å¡ã®æ°ã300人以äžã®äŒç€Ÿãã§ããã ã§ã¯ããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ä»¥å€ã®äžå°äŒæ¥ã¯äœãšè¡šçŸããã°ããããšãªããšãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§ã¯é称ãã¹ ã¢ãŒã«ããžãã¹ãïŒSmall BusinessïŒã§ãããäžèšã®ãããªãã³ãã£ãŒã®ç¹åŸŽãæã£ãŠããªãäžå°äŒæ¥ ã¯ãã®ããã«ã¹ã¢ãŒã«ããžãã¹ãšè¡šçŸããã°ããã ~ 11 ~
12.
â¡äžè¬çã«ã¿ãŠãã³ãã£ãŒã¯ã©ãéãã ããã§ãåºæ¬çãªãã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ã®ç¹åŸŽãã¿ãŠã¿ãããæã ã¯ãã³ãã£ãŒãã©ã®ããã«èªèã ãŠããã ãããããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ãäžå°äŒæ¥ïŒã¹ã¢ãŒã«ããžãã¹ïŒã倧äŒæ¥ã®äžè ã®éãã¯äœãã äžè¡šã¯ãããããããŠæ確ã«ç¹åŸŽã¥ããŠãŸãšãããã®ã§ããããããã¯ãäžè¬çãªåŸåãã§ãããã ã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ããã¹ãŠå®å䞻矩ã§ææŠçã§ããããã§ã¯ãªããã倧äŒæ¥ããã¹ãŠå®å®æåã§ã㪠ãããããŸã§ãå šäœçãªåŸåãšãšãããŠã»ããããªãããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ã®çµç¹éå¶ãçµå¶ã®ç¹åŸŽ ãšã¢ãã«ã«ã€ããŠã¯ã第2éšã§è¿°ã¹ãŠããã®ã§åèãšããããã ãã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ãåŠã¶äžã§éèŠãªã®ã¯ããããã®äžè¬çãªç¹åŸŽããããã¯å€å°ã®å å ¥èŠ³ã«åºã¥ ããäžéã®åžžèãç解ããäžã§ãæãäžããŠèå¯ããŠããããšã§ããããªããã³ãã£ãŒããã®ãã㪠ç¹åŸŽãæã€ã®ããå ·äœçã«ã©ã®ããã«äŒç€Ÿãéå¶ãããŠããã®ããä¿¡çšåã®ãªããã³ãã£ãŒã¯ã©ã®ã ãã«è³éã調éããã®ããåé¡æèã¯ããç°¡åã«å°œãããããªãã®ã§ã¯ãªãããã³ãã£ãŒããªãæå ããã®ãããªã倱æããã®ãããããã«å¯Ÿããå®å šãªçãã¯ãªãã®ã§ããã
äžè éã®ç¹åŸŽã®æ¯èŒ ãã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ äžå°äŒæ¥ïŒã¹ã¢ãŒã«ããžãã¹ïŒ 倧äŒæ¥ äŒæ¥èŠæš¡ å°ïœäžèŠæš¡ã å°ïœäžèŠæš¡ã 倧èŠæš¡ åŸæ¥å¡æ° æŠã300人以äžã 300人以äž(補é æ¥ã®å Žå)ã 300人以äž(補é æ¥)ãæ°å人ãã æ ªåŒ æªå ¬éäŒæ¥ãæ ªåŒå ¬éãç®æãã å€ãã¯æªå ¬éäŒæ¥ã 倧åãå ¬éäŒæ¥ã æé·æ§ïŒæœåšåãå«ãïŒ é«ãã é«ããªãå Žåãå€ãã ïŒ æè¡ãéçº é«ãå Žåãå€ãã é«ããªãå Žåãå€ãã ïŒ ä¿¡çšå äœãã äœäœïœäžäœã é«ãã è³é調éå äœãã äœäœïœäžäœã é«ãã æ¡çšå äœãïŒäººæ°ããªãæ¡çšãã§ããªãïŒã äœäœïœäžäœã é«ãïŒå°±è·ã§äººæ°ãããïŒã äŒç€Ÿã®éå¶ ç€Ÿé·ã®ãããããŠã³ãç¬æã 瀟é·ãåæã®ãããããŠã³ãå€ãã çµç¹ã«ããéå£çµå¶ã æè»ã§èªç±ãªéå¶ã åæäŒç€Ÿãå€ãã å³æ Œãªã«ãŒã«ãæè»æ§ã¯äœãã çµå¶ã®ææ決å®ãéãã çµå¶ã®ææ決å®ãé ã(çµç¹æ±ºå®)ã ãã¶ãªã£ãããéå¶ã å®å®ããéå¶ãçµç¹ã§ãã§ãã¯ã 瀟颚 å®å䞻矩ãææŠãæ¥æé·æåã å®å®ããªã¹ã¯åé¿ãä¿å®æåã åŸæ¥å¡ åŸæ¥å¡ãããèŸããã é·æå®å®éçšæåã ã¢ã«ãã€ãçã®çæéçšãå€ãã 絊äžãçŠå©åç äœãã äœãã è¯ããçŠå©åçãè¯ãã åŸæ¥å¡ã«æ±ãããããã® ãã£ã¬ã³ãžããªã¹ã¯ãåã姿å¢ã çµç¹ã«å¿ å®ãã³ãã¥ãã±ãŒã·ã§ã³ã åŸæ¥å¡ã«ãšã£ãŠã®å¯èœæ§ äŒç€Ÿãæ¥æé·ãããšå ±ãããã å®å®ããŠããããšãé åã åŸæ¥å¡ã®è·è²¬ è¥ããã¡ããé«ã圹è·ã«ã 幎ååºåãè¥ããã¡ã¯å¹³ç€Ÿå¡ã äŒç€Ÿãªãã£ã¹ ç®æãéãããå€ããäžå°ãã«ã ããžãã¹è¡ã®å€§èŠæš¡ãã«ã ïŒæ³šïŒäžè¡šã®èšè¿°ã¯ãããããã®çžå¯Ÿçãªç¹åŸŽã匷調ããŠè¡šçŸãããã®ã â èšåïŒ èšåïŒ 1.ãèµ·æ¥å®¶ãã®æå³ãäžèšã§èª¬æããªããã 2.ãã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒããã¢ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããã®èªæºã¯äœãã ã 3.ããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ãããã³ãã£ãŒäŒæ¥ãããã³ãã£ãŒãã«ã€ããŠæå³ã®éãã¯ãããã ã ã 4.ããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ããšããèšèã¯ãã©ãããŠå補è±èªã«ãªã£ãã®ãã 5. è±èªã§ã¯ã ããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ãã®æå³ãšããŠã¯ã©ã®ãããªèšèã䜿ãããŠãããã 6.ããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ããšããå補è±èªã䜿ãããã®ã¯ãã©ã®ãããªæ代èæ¯ããã£ããã 7. ãã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ãšå€§äŒæ¥ã®éãã«ã€ããŠãäž»ãªç¹åŸŽãšèãããã®ã5ã€ãããªããã ~ 12 ~
13.
â ¢ïŒèµ·æ¥ã®æŽå² èµ·æ¥ã®
èµ·æ¥å®¶ã®æŽ»åã¯ãçŸä»£ã®ãã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ã ãã察象ã«èããã®ã§ã¯ãªãã人é¡ãã©ã®ãã ã«äºæ¥ãçºå±ãããŠããããšããäžçã®æŽå²ã®æµããã俯ç°ããŠèããããšãéèŠã§ããã 人é¡ã¯ãå€ä»£äžäžä»¥éã®åéºçãªäº€æããç£æ¥é©åœãå·¥æ¥åã®çºå±ããšã¬ã¯ãããã¯ã¹ã»ã³ã³ ãã¥ãŒã¿æ代ããããŠã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããé©åœãæ°èåœã®çºå±ããšããæ代ã®æµãã®äžã§ãå€çš®å€æ§ ãªäººã ãæ°ããäºæ¥ãèµ·ããããã®æŽ»åã«ãã£ãŠçµæžäŸ¡å€ãåµåºããŠããããã§ããã ããããäžçã®æŽå²ãè¿œããªããçŸä»£ã«ãã©ãçãã°ãä»æ¥ã®æã ããªãã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ãšã¢ ã³ãã¬ãã¬ããŒã·ãããéèŠèŠããªããã°ãªããªãããèŠããŠããã ïŒïŒæŽå²ããã¿ããèµ·æ¥ã ïŒïŒïŒå€ä»£ããäžäžã®åéºç貿æäºæ¥ ïŒåŒçšïŒãæµ·äžäº€æã®äžçãšæŽå²ãhttp://www31.ocn.ne.jp/~ysino/index.htmlïŒ â ã®ãªã·ã¢ã®ãåéºè²žåã å€ãã®éœåžåœå®¶ãåèããå€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã¯ãæµ·ã䜿ã£ãŠææãçºå±ããããã®ãªã·ã¢ã¯èŸ²æ¥ã«é©ã ãªãåå°ã§ããããã«çµ¶ããé£ç³§ã®äžè¶³ã«æ©ãŸãããŠããã蟲äœç©ãèŒžå ¥ããããã«è¹ãå¿ èŠã ã£ã ãããã®è³æã§ããæšæãèŒžå ¥ããããããªãç¶æ³ã«ãã£ããããããäžã«ãã£ãŠãé£ç³§ã®3åã®2ã èŒžå ¥ããªããã°ãªããªãæ倧ã®éœåžåœå®¶ã¢ããã¯ãçŽå å6äžçŽé ãããã§ããã¢ãšäºããªããããšãž ããããããã¹ããå°ã¢ãžã¢ïŒçŸåšã®ãã«ã³ïŒããç©ç©ãéãã§ãããããããŠã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®ã·ã·ãªãŒ 島ãåã€ã¿ãªã¢ã«æ€æ°ãéããç©ç©ãçç£ã»èŒžå ¥ããæ€æ°å°ã建èšããããã«ãªã£ãã ã®ãªã·ã¢ã§ã¯ãã¯ããã¯ãèªåã§è¹ãæã¡ãè¹ãåãããŠååã売買ããåçŽãªä»çµã¿ã§ãã£ãã è¹ã®ææè ãè¹é·ãå人ãäžã€ã®è¹ãæã€éå£ã§è¡ãããããããŠãéã®ããè³ç£å®¶ãè¹äž»ãå人㫠è³éã貞ãããã«ãªã£ããè¹äž»ã¯è¹è¶ãéè³ãæµåœã«ããŠèªæµ·è²»çšãããŸãå人ã¯è²šç©ä»å ¥ä»£éãå æãéè³ãè³ç£å®¶ããåããã ãã®äžã§ã貿æïŒæµ·å掻åïŒã«ã€ããŠã®åã決ããçºå±ããŠããããã®åã決ããšã¯ãè¹è¶ãè²šç© ãåªå€±ããå Žåã¯è²žäž»ïŒè³ç£å®¶ïŒãäžžæãšããéãåããè¹äž»ãããã¯å人ã¯è¿æžã®å¿ èŠããªããã ããããå®å šã«å°çãããšã貞ä»éã«ãã®3åã®1ãšãã£ãé«çã®å©åãã€ããŠã貞䞻ã«è¿æžãããã« ãŒã«ãäœã£ãããŸããè¹é·ã人åœãè¹è¶ã貚ç©ãæãããã«è·ç©ãæµ·äžãžææ£ïŒæãè·ïŒããããæµ åœãæµ·è³ã«éåã®æ¯æãã匷å¶ãããå Žåããã®æ害ã«å¿ããŠè¿æžãã¹ã貞ä»éã¯æžé¡ãããããã ããæ®éã®éé貞åãšã¯ç°ãªãã«ãŒã«ã®ãã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ããåéºè²žåãïŒBottomryãæµ·äžä¿éºã®èµ·æºã®äž ã€ïŒãšåŒãã§ããããã®ãããªæŽ»çºãªã®ãªã·ã¢ã®æµ·å掻åã®äžã§ããã®åŸã®ãšãŒãããæµ·äžäº€æã«ã ããè¹è¶ã®å ±æãè¹äž»ãšå人ã®åé¢ãæµ·äºéèãæµ·éååŒãšãã£ãååŒã®æ £è¡ã圢æãããŠãã£ãã å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ã§ã¯ãè³éã®åãæã®èªæµ·ã倱æããå Žåã«ã¯ãåãæã¯è²žäž»ã«éãå šé¡è¿æžããå¿ èŠ ã®ãªããã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ãçãŸããŠãããããã¯çŸä»£ã®ãã³ãã£ãŒã»ãã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ã®èµ·æºãšããããã â¡äžäžå°äžæµ·ã«ããããçµåãã®åœ¢æ äžäžã®å°äžæµ·è²¿æã§æŽ»èºããã®ã¯ããŽã§ããã£ã¢ããžã§ãããªã©ã®ã€ã¿ãªã¢å島ã®éœåžå¢åã§ããã æ±æ¹è²¿æïŒã¬ãŽã¡ã³ã貿æïŒãšåŒã°ããæ±éšå°äžæµ·æ²¿å²žå°åããªãªãšã³ãå°åãšã®è²¿æã§å¯ãç¯ããã ãŽã§ããã£ã¢ããã£ã¬ã³ãã§ã®éœåžãã«ããµã³ã¹èžè¡ãéœåžå»ºç¯ã§è±ããªéºç£ãæ®ããŠããã®ã¯ãã ã®æ±æ¹è²¿æã«ããå¯ã®ç£ç©ã§ããã äžäžã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®æµ·åçµå¶ã¯ïŒã€ã®æ¹æ³ã§è¡ãããŠããããã®ïŒã€ã¯å ±ååéºçµåã§ããã11äžçŽé ã«ãŸãšããããã¢ãã«ãã£æµ·æ³ïŒåœæã®æµ·äžäº€æã®æ £ç¿æ³ïŒã§ã¯ãè¹äž»ãå人ãè¹å¡ãéãŸã£ãŠ1ã€ã® çµåãçµæããããããæåææè ã¯èªåãã¡ã®äžãã管çè¹äž»ãéžãã§ãåéºçµåã®å šè¬çãªææ® ããã ããä»ã®æåææè ã¯è¹å¡ãšããŠãããã¯èªåã®ååãæã£ãå人ãšããŠä¹çµããè¹äž»ã¯è¹äŸ¡ ã«å¿ããŠåéºçµåã®äžå®ã®æåããããå人ã¯èªãæããè³éãŸãã¯ååã®é¡ã«å¿ããŠæåãå²åœãŠ ããããŸãè¹å¡ã¯èªåã®æäŸããåŽåœ¹ã«å¯ŸããŠæåãäžãããããè¹å¡ãè¹äž»ãŸãå人ã§ããå Žåã ãã®æåãè¿œå ãããã貚ç©ã®ååŒããåŸãå©çã¯ãã¹ãŠçµåã®åå®ã«å ¥ãããããèªæµ·ãå®äºãã ~ 13 ~
14.
ãšè£å€æã§èšç®æžã®æ€æ»ãåããããããã®æåæ°ã«å¿ããŠçŽçãè¹äž»ãå人ãè¹å¡ã«åé ãããã ãšã«ãªã£ãŠããã ãŸãã1272幎ã®ã©ã°ãŒã¶æµ·æ³ã§ã¯ãäžå®æ°ã®å人ãããããè¹é·ããã³ä¹çµå¡ã«å¯ŸããŠãååååŒ ã«äœ¿çšãã貚幣ãååãå§èšãããè¹äž»ãè¹å¡ããèªåã®èšç®ã§æè³ãè¡ãããšãã§ãããå ±ååéº çµåã®å¯Ÿè±¡ãšãªã£ãååã®éè³ã¯ããããèšç®ããããŸãååã®ååŒããåŸãããå©æœ€ãšãšãã«ãå ± åã®åºéã«å ¥ããããããããŠãèªæµ·ãçµäºããæãè¹äž»ãšè¹å¡ããã®å ±ååºéã®ååãåãåãã æ®ãååã¯åéºå人ãããããã®æè³é¡ã«å¿ããŠé åãåããããšã«ãªã£ãŠããã ããïŒã€ã¯ãè¹è¶ã®å ±åææã§ãããå€ä»£ã®ããã«ãèªãã®ææè¹ãèªãåç¬ã§çµå¶ããè¹äž»ãã 代ç人ãä¹ããŠç£ç£ããè¹äž»ã¯äžäžã«ãªããšããçšã«ãªããçµå¶ã¯äž»ãšããŠçµåæ¹åŒã§å¶ãŸããå€§å€ æ°ã®è¹è¶ã¯å ±æã§ææãããããã«ãªã£ããçµåå¡ã®ããè ã管çè¹äž»ã«ãªããä»ã®çµåå¡ã®å šéšãŸ ãã¯äžéšãè¹å¡ãšãªã£ãŠã
ãã°ãã°ä¹è¹ããã15äžçŽãŸã§ã¯è¹è¶ã¯ãããã24ã®æåã«åãããŠããã 1人ã®çµåå¡ã2ã€ä»¥äžã®æåãæã€ããšãå¯èœã§ãã£ããããããè¹äž»ã¯ãèªãã®ååãæºè¹ããå Ž åãããã°ãããã§ãªãå Žåããã£ããè¹äž»ãå人ã§ãªãå Žåãå人ã®çµåãšçšè¹å¥çŽãçµãã ãã ã以å€ã«åãªãèè³ããã£ãããã§ããŽã§ããã¢ã§ã¯å©åçã20ïŒ ã§ãã£ããšãããã ãã®ããã«ãå ±ååéºçµåã§ãããè¹è¶å ±åææã§ãããã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®å Žåãä¹çµå¡ã®å šéšãŸãã¯äž éšããã®è¹è¶ãæµ·åã®æåææè ã§ãã£ãŠãèªåãã¡ã®åŽåã®å¯ŸäŸ¡ã¯ãè³éã®åœ¢åŒã§ã§ã¯ãªãå©æœ€å é ã®åœ¢åŒã§ãã£ãŠå ±é ¬ãåããŠãããããã§ããä¹çµå¡ã®ãªãã«ã¯æåææè ã§ã¯ãªããåãªãè³é åŽåè ãšããŠéçšãããè¹å¡ãè£å ããªããã°ãªããªãå Žåããã£ãã äžäžã€ã¿ãªã¢ã§ã¯å€ä»£ã®ãªã·ã¢ãããæµ·å掻åã®åã決ããçºå±ããè³ç£å®¶ã§ãªããŠããäžå®ã®è³ éãåŽåãåºãåãã°è¹è¶ãææããååã売買ããããšãå¯èœãšãªã£ãŠããã®ã§ããã äžäžã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®è²¿æäºæ¥ã¯ãè¹äž»ãè·äž»ã®å人ãåŽåè ã®è¹å¡ãéãŸã£ãŠ1ã€ã®çµåãçµæããããã ãã¯çŸä»£ã®äŒæ¥ã®èµ·æºãšèããããã åŽåè ãšããŠæ¬æ¥ã¯è³éãåãåãã ãã®è¹å¡ã¯ãäžã€ã®èªæµ·ãšãããããžã§ã¯ãã§äœãããçµåã® æã¡åãäžããããç¡äºèªæµ·ãçµããããã亀æã§å²ãããããã®äºæ¥ææã«ãã£ãŠãèªæµ·ã§åŸãå©æœ€ ã®äžéšããçµåã®åãåããšããŠäžããããã â ãŠã£ãªã¢ã ã»ã·ã§ã€ã¯ã¹ãã¢ã®æ¯æ²ããŽã§ãã¹ã®å人ã äžäžã€ã¿ãªã¢ã®ãŽã§ããã£ã¢å ±ååœãèå°ã«ç¹°ãåºããããã貿æãšåéãšæã« ããããååã ãŠãã€äººã®é貞ãã·ã£ã€ããã¯ã貿æå人ã¢ã³ããŒããªã«éã貞ãéã«åã£ã æ ä¿ïŒã¢ã³ããŒããªã®äººè1ãã³ãïŒã®èšŒæãçŸå®ã«ãªã£ãããšã«ãã£ãŠèµ·ããè£ å€ãšãçŸããå¯è£ãªè²Žå©ŠäººããŒã·ã£ãå°æ¢ãããšããè¥è ã®äºããå±éãããã ã»ã¢ã³ããŒããªïŒ 貿æå人ãæ£çŸ©æã匷ãæ ã«åãã ã»ããµãŒããªïŒ ã¢ã³ããŒããªã®èŠªåãããŒã·ã£ã«æ±æçµå©ãç³ã蟌ãã ã»ããŒã·ã£ïŒ è«å€§ãªè²¡ç£ãçžç¶ããçŸè²ã®è²Žå©Šäººãå€ãã®è¥è éããæ±æãã ãŠããã ã»ã·ã£ã€ããã¯ïŒ 匷欲ãªãŠãã€äººé貞ããæšã¿ã®ããã¢ã³ããŒããªã«ãå€æŽè²¿ æã®è³éã貞ãã€ããããæ ä¿ãšããŠåãæã¢ã³ããŒããªã®äººè1ãã³ãã蚌 æã«åŸãã ãã®åã§æãããã¢ã³ããŒããªã¯ãŽã§ããã£ã¢ã®åéºå人ã§ãããã¢ã³ããŒããªã®åºããè¹ãæŽäžã§é£ç Žãããš ããæ å ±ïŒå®ã¯èåœã®æ å ±ã§ãã£ãïŒãå ¥ã£ãããšãããã·ã£ã€ããã¯ã蚎ããŠè£å€ã«ãªããéãè¿ããªãã¢ã³ ããŒããªããæ ä¿ã§ããèãã·ã£ã€ããã¯ãåãåãæš©å©ã¯ãããåŠããšããäºãã«ãªãç©èªã§ããã ããããå®éã®ãŽã§ããã£ã¢ã§ã¯å ã®ãããªå ±ååéºçµåãæ¡ãã£ãŠãããã¢ã³ããŒããªã®ããã«è²¿æè¹ãé£ç Ž ããŠãåéã®æ ä¿ãåãããäŸã¯å°ãªãã£ããšæãããã ïŒïŒïŒè¿äžãšãŒãããã«ããã貿æã®æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿå¶ ã€ã®ãªã¹ïŒã€ã³ã°ã©ã³ãïŒã¯ãäžäžã«ã¯äº€æé¢ã§ãŽã§ããã£ã¢ããã³ã¶ã®å人ã«å§åãããŠãããã 15 äžçŽä»¥éã¯æµ·äžäº€æã§åãã€ãã¯ãããã€ã®ãªã¹è¹ã¯å€åœè¹ã«æµ·è³è¡çºãåããŠãããã€ã®ãªã¹åœ çã貿æã«ãã財æ¿åå ¥ãå¢ãããšè»èŠã建é ããããã«ãªããå€åœäººã«äžããŠããç¹æš©ãåŸã ã«å æ»ãã€ã€ãã£ããç¹ã«ãåœçãã³ãªãŒ8 äžïŒåšäœ 1509-47 幎ïŒã¯ã€ã®ãªã¹æµ·è»ã®åµèšãçç«é è¹æã®é èšãé è¹è£å©éã®æ¯çµŠãªã©ã§ãæµ·éã®çºå±ã«å€§ããè²¢ç®ããã ãã®æ代ã®ã€ã®ãªã¹ã®é éå°è²¿æã倧æŽè²¿æã§ã¯ãåœçã®èš±å¯ãããŠè²¿æç¹èš±äŒç€ŸãäœãããŠããã ãããã¯ãåéºå人çµåïŒMerchant adventurer's companyïŒãã¬ãã³ãäŒç€ŸãšåŒã°ãããã®ã§ããã ~ 14 ~ 16äžçŽã®ã¬ã¬ãªã³è¹äº€æ
15.
圌ãã¯ã
åœçããç¹å®ã®èªè·¯ã®æµ·åã«ã€ããŠç¬å æš©ãäžãã 16äžçŽã®äº€æè¹ ããäžèªæµ·ããšã«èªãèŠçŽãäœãè·è¡è¹ãªã©ã®è²»çšãåºãå㣠ãŠéå¶ããŠããããããã亀æãã®ãã®ã¯å å ¥ããŠããå人ã ã¡ãèªãã®åå®ã§è¹ãææãããã¯çšè¹ããŠã èªãã®å±éºè² æ ã®äžã§è¡ãããŠããã ç¹èš±ãäžããç宀ãå人éãäœã£ãçµå ã«éãåºããŠçµåå¡ã«ãªã£ããã ç宀ã®è¹ãè·è¡è¹ãšããŠè²žã åºããŠããã ãã®çæçãªçµåçµç¹ãããäŒç€Ÿçµç¹ãçºå±ãããçµåãšã ãäžæçã«éãåºãããçµç€Ÿã§ã¯ãªãã äŒç€Ÿãšããèªåã®åŸæ¥ å¡ãæã£ãçµç¹éå£ãçãŸããã ã¢ãžã¢è²¿æã§å°é ããŠãã㪠ã©ã³ãã«å±æ©æãæã£ãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®ã¬ãŽã¡ã³ãäŒç€Ÿ ïŒå°äžæµ·æ± éšè²¿æã«åŸäºïŒã®å人ã¯ãåœçãšãªã¶ãã¹ 1 äžã«è«é¡ãã1600 幎ã«ã€ã®ãªã¹æ±ã€ã³ãäŒç€ŸïŒThe East India CompanyïŒãçºè¶³ ãããèªåã®åŸæ¥å¡ãšçµç¹ãæã£ãäŒç€ŸïŒãã ãäžåã®èªæµ·ã« éå®ããäŒç€Ÿçµç¹ïŒãèšç«ãããæ±ã€ã³ãäŒç€Ÿã¯ãæ ªåŒãçºè¡ããŠè³æ¬éã調éãããäžåã®èªæµ·ã çµãããšææ ªã«å¿ããŠå©çãé åããããæ±ã€ã³ãäŒç€Ÿã¯åµæ¥åœæã«ã¯ 215 人ã®è²Žæãå人ã®åºè³è ãã 68,373 ãã³ãã®è³éãéããã1612 幎ãŸã§ã¯åœåº§äŒæ¥å¶ãšããäžèªæµ·ããšã®äŒç€Ÿçµç¹ã§ãã£ã ãããã®åŸã¯æ°åã®èªæµ·ããšã®æè³ã«å€ãããããã«è·åœå¿ã¯ãã ãŠã§ã«ã®ç¹èš±ç¶ã«ãã£ãŠæ ªåŒé åœ ã«ãªããæéãéå®ããäŒæ¥åœ¢æ ãããæ³äººãšè³æ¬ã®æ°žç¶æ§ãã¯ããããããã«ãªã£ãã çŸåšã®äŒç€Ÿçµç¹ã§ãããæ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãã¯ãã€ã®ãªã¹ã®çŽåŸã«ãªã©ã³ãã§èšç«ããããªã©ã³ãæ±ã€ã³ã äŒç€ŸïŒ1602 幎ïŒãèµ·æºã§ããããªã©ã³ãæ±ã€ã³ãäŒç€Ÿã®åã決ãã§ã¯ãåºè³è ã®åºè³éã¯ïŒã€ã®ãªã¹ æ±ã€ã³ãäŒç€Ÿã®ããã«äžèªæµ·æ¯ã§ã¯ãªãïŒ10 幎éåºå®ããããŸãåºè³è ã¯åºè³éã®ãªã¹ã¯ä»¥å€ã®è²¬ä»» ãè² ããªããšããæé責任ãèŠå®ãããŠããããã®ç¹ã§è¿ä»£æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿã®ç¥ãšãããŠããã ããäºæ¥ã«å¯ŸããŠæ ªåŒãçºè¡ããè³éã®åºãæïŒæè³å®¶ïŒããåºè³ãåãããšã¯ã£ãã£ã»ãã¡ã€ãã³ã¹ã ã¯ãè¿äžãšãŒãããã®æµ·äžäº€æã®åå¶åºŠãšããŠæç«ããã ããã¯ãåœæãªã¹ã¯ã®é«ãã£ãæµ·äžè²¿æã«ãããŠãè³éã®åºãæãå ±åã§äŒæ¥ãèšç«ããŠããã®äºæ¥ã® ãªã¹ã¯ãå ±ååæ ããããšã«ãã£ãŠäžäººåœããã®å±éºåºŠãäœãããã®ä»£ããã«ãäºæ¥ããåŸãããå©æœ€ã åºè³è ã®æã¡åã«å¿ããŠçã«åé ãããšãããçŸä»£ã®æ ªåŒäŒç€Ÿãšåãä»çµã¿ã§ããã ïŒïŒïŒè¿ä»£ã«ãããèµ·æ¥ â ç£æ¥é©åœã«ããè¿ä»£çã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ æ°åäžå¹Žã®äººé¡ã®æŽå²ã1幎ã®ã«ã¬ã³ããŒã«ãããšã ç£æ¥é©åœä»¥éã®æŽå²ã¯12æ31æ¥ã®23æå以éã« ãããã»ã©ã®æ¥µããŠçãæéã«ãããªãã 18äžçŽåã°ããçŸåšãŸã§ã®300幎ã«æºããªãçãæéã®äžã§ 倧ããªå€åãèµ·ããã人é¡ã®æŽå²ã«ãããŠã¯ãé·ãéãã®å¹³å寿åœã¯30æ³ä»¥äžã§ãããçãŸããåäŸ ã¯åå以äžã¯æ人ãŸã§ã«åæ°ä»¥äžãæ»ã¬ã®ãåœããåã ã£ãã人ã ã¯ä»ã®åç©ãšåæ§ã«åžžã«é£¢ããšçŽ é¢ããŠçããŠãããæ°åäžå¹Žã®éãã®ç¶æ ãç¶ããŠããããããã西æŠ1800幎ååŸããæ¥ã«äººã ãè± ãã«ãªããä»ã®ããã«äžçã®äž»èŠåœã§ã¯äžäººåœããã§å¹Žéæ°äžãã«ãšããæåŸãåŸãããã«ãªã£ãã 人é¡ã¯1äžå¹ŽåãŸã§ã¯ãç©çç掻ã§æ°äººã®éå£ã§ç§»åããªããç掻ããŠããã 蟲èã«ããå®äœç掻 ïŒæ° ç³åšæ代ïŒã人é¡ã®ç¬¬äžã®ã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ããã 蟲èã«ãã£ãŠå®äœç掻ã«å ¥ãããšãå¯èœãšãªã£ãã 第äºã®ã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯æ£ç¢ºãªæåã®çºæã§ãããæ å ±ãèšé²ãç確ã«äŒããããšã§å€§ããªçµç¹ïŒåœ 家ïŒã®éå¶ãã§ããããã«ãªã£ãã 第äžã®ã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ã17äžçŽåŸåãã18äžçŽååã«ã€ã®ãªã¹ããèµ·ãã£ãç£æ¥é©åœãšããæ°ã ãçç£ã·ã¹ãã ãšè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ãšããããè¿ä»£ã·ã¹ãã ã§ãããè³æ¬äž»çŸ©ä»¥åã®å°å»ºå¶ã®äžã§ã¯ã人ã 㯠蟲æ¥ãå¶ãã§ãããäœãã¢ããäœãã«ããŠãã1人ã®è·äººã1ã€ã®ãã®ãã³ãã³ããšäœãäžããŠããã ãã®æèœã¯èªåã®åŒåã«äŒããŠãã£ããéŽå±ãªãã°ïŒè»ã®éŽå±ã®äžã§ä»äºãå®çµãããšãã家å å·¥æ¥ ã§äººé¡ã¯æ°çŸå¹Žãã£ãŠãããããã«å¯Ÿããç£æ¥é©åœã§ã¯è£œé æè¡ã®æ©æ¢°åãå®çŸãããåœæã®ã€ã®ãª ã¹ã§çãã§ãã£ã綿ç¹ç©ã»æ¯ç¹ç©ã®ç¹ç¶ç£æ¥ã«ãããç¹ç©è£œé æ©æ¢°ã®èªååã»åååãšãèžæ°æ©é¢ã« ã ããååã®çºæãšããã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã§ãããç£æ¥é©åœã«ãããããäžã€ã®ã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã¯ã ãåæ¥ ã·ã¹ãã ãã®å°å ¥ã§ãããã¢ãã ã»ã¹ãã¹ããåœå¯è«ãã§è¿°ã¹ãŠããããç£æ¥é©åœä»¥åã¯ãã³ãïŒã€ äœãã«ãäžè»ã®äœæ¥å Žã§äžäººã®è·äººãè²ã ãªå·¥çšããã¹ãŠäœæ¥ã補äœããŠãããã®ãããã®å·¥çšãïŒ ã€ã®å·¥å Žã®äžã§ããããã®äœæ¥å·¥çšãå°éãšããå·¥å¡ã«ãã£ãŠè¡ããããšãããå·¥å Žã®ã·ã¹ãã ãã ~ 15 ~
16.
çã¿åºããçµæãšããŠãã³ã補é ããæéãšã³ã¹ããé£èºçã«äœæžããå®ããã³ã倧éã«äžã®äžã«åº åãããã«ãªã£ãã ã»1712幎ããã¥ãŒã³ã¡ã³ïŒè±ïŒã«ãã£ãŠãèžæ°æ©é¢ãçšããææ°Žãã³ããå®çšåãããã ã»1733幎ãã±ã€ïŒè±ïŒããç¹æ©ã®äžéšåã§ããæŒãæ¹è¯ããé£ã³æŒãçºæããŠç¹æ©ãé«éåããã
ã«ãã綿åžçç£ã®é床ãåäžããã ã»1769幎ãã¢ãŒã¯ã©ã€ãïŒè±ïŒãæ°Žå玡瞟æ©ãéçºãå·¥å Žãèšããæ©æ¢°ãæ®ãä»ããŠå€éã®ç¶¿ç³žã 補é ããããšãå¯èœã«ãªããæ¬æ Œçãªå·¥å Žå¶æ©æ¢°å·¥æ¥ã®ã¯ããŸããšãªã£ãã ã»1785幎ãã¯ããïŒè±ïŒãèžæ°æ©é¢ã®ãšãã«ã®ãŒããã¹ãã³éåããåéåãžè»¢æãããããšã«æ åããã®èžæ°æ©é¢ã®æ¹è¯ã«ãã£ãŠãæ§ã ãªæ©æ¢°ã«èžæ°æ©é¢ãå¿çšãããããã«ãªã£ãã ã»18äžçŽã«ãã³ãŒã¯ã¹è£œéæ³ãããŒããŒïŒè±ïŒã«ãã£ãŠéçºãããé«ç±ã容æã«å©çšã§ããããã« ãªã£ãããšãããè¯è³ªã®éŒéã®å€§é補é ãå¯èœãšãªã£ãã ã»1807幎ããã«ãã³ïŒç±³ïŒã«ãã£ãŠèžæ°è¹ãå®çšåãããããŸã1804幎ããã¬ãã·ãã¯ïŒè±ïŒã«ã ãèžæ°æ©é¢è»ãçºæããããã®åŸèžæ°æ©é¢è»ã¯ã¹ããŒãã³ãœã³ïŒè±ïŒã«ãã£ãŠæ¹è¯ãããã ãã®ç£æ¥é©åœã«ããå·¥æ¥åã§ãã€ã®ãªã¹ãã¯ãããšãã欧米ã§ã¯ãå·¥å Žçµå¶ã«ä¹ãåºãè³æ¬å®¶ è³æ¬å®¶ãå€ è³æ¬å®¶ æ°èªçãã圌ãäžç£éçŽïŒãã«ãžã§ã¢ãžãŒïŒãçºå±ãããããããåœæã®è³æ¬å®¶éã¯ãåŸæ¥ã®ããæ¹ ããã®ãŸãŸç¶ç¶ããçµå¶è ãååšããããã©ãããã®å€ãã¯ç£æ¥é©åœã®æè¡ã䜿ã£ãŠæ°ããäºæ¥ãåž å Žé²åºã§å©åŸãåŸãããšãããèµ·æ¥å®¶ãã§ããã£ãã®ã§ããã âãªãã£ãŒãã»ã¢ãŒã¯ã©ã€ã ãªãã£ãŒãã»ã¢ãŒã¯ã©ã€ãïŒè±ïŒ ãªãã£ãŒãã»ã¢ãŒã¯ã©ã€ã ïŒæ°Žå玡瞟æ©ã§å¯ãç¯ããèµ·æ¥å®¶ ãªãã£ãŒãã»ã¢ãŒã¯ã©ã€ãïŒ1732ïŒ1792幎)ã¯ã1771幎ã«æ°Žè»ãååãšãã氎玡æ©ïŒæ°Ž å玡瞟æ©ïŒãçºæãããã€ã®ãªã¹ã»ã©ã³ã«ã·ã£ãŒå°æ¹ã®ãã¬ã¹ãã³ã§çãŸãã28æ³ãŸã§ åºå±ã§åããã ãã®åŸãã€ãã®å売ãå§ãã ãã€ãåãé²æ°Žææãæ¹è¯ããŠè³éãåŸãã 1768幎ããžã§ã³ã»ã±ã€ãšãšãã«ãžã§ããŒçŽ¡çžŸæ©ãæ¹è¯ããŠã綿糞ã®åŒ·åºŠãé·ããªã©å 質ãåäžããããç¿å¹Žã銬ã䜿ã£ã倧èŠæš¡ãªçŽ¡çžŸæ©ãäœã£ããããã«æ°Žåã«ãã£ãŠé転 ããæ¹æ³ã«å€æŽããïŒ1771å¹ŽïŒ ããžã§ããŒçŽ¡çžŸæ©ã®ããã«å°åœ¢ã®ãã®ã§ã¯ãªãã人éã®å ã§ã¯åããªãã®ã§ã æ°Žåå©çšãèããããå人ã®äœå® ã§ã¯ã§ããªãã®ã§å¥ã«å·¥å Žãèšãã æ©æ¢°ãæ®ãä»ããŠæ°çŸäººã®åŽåè ãåãããŠå€éã®ç¶¿ç³žãé ãåºãããšã«æåããã倧 éçç£ãå¯èœã«ãªããç«å°ã«å¶çŽããªããªã£ãããã«çŽ¡ç³žäœæ¥ã«çç·ŽããåŽåè ãå¿ èŠ ãšããªããªã£ãããã倱æ¥ãæããåŽåè ãåæ¥è ãªã©ãã劚害ãåãããã次ã ã«å·¥ å Žãäœããå質ã®åªãã綿糞ã倧éã«çç£ããŠå¯è±ªã®1人ã«ãªã£ãã1786幎ãåœçãžã§ãŒ ãž3äžãã Sir ïŒãã€ãïŒã®ç§°å·ãåããã â¡19äžçŽåŸåã«ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®å·¥æ¥åãšèµ·æ¥æŽ»å ååæŠäºïŒ1861ïŒ1865幎ïŒãçµãã£ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã¯ãå·¥æ¥åãé²å±ããæ代ã ã£ãã1865幎ãã20 äžçŽåé ãŸã§ã®éã«ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœã¯äžçã§ãå é²çãªå·¥æ¥åœã«æé·ããã1880幎代ååã«ã¢ã¡ãª ã«ã¯âäžçã®å·¥å Žâã€ã®ãªã¹ãæããŠäžçäžã®å·¥æ¥åœãžãšèºé²ãã1890幎代ã«ã¯ãããšåœæã®è±åœ¢ç£ æ¥ã ã£ãééŒçç£ã§ãã€ã®ãªã¹ãäžåã£ããåå°ãšåŽååãè±å¯ã«ãããæ°åãå€æ§ã§ãéæ²³ãå·ã ãã³æµ·å²žæ°Žåãªã©èªè¡å¯èœãªæ°Žåãããããšã§åèããå·¥æ¥çµæžã®äº€ééèŠãæºãããã ãšãŒããããäžå¿ãšããä»ã®å€§éžããã¯1840幎ãã1920幎ãŸã§ã«3,700äžäººãšããäžçå²äžã§æ倧 ã®ç§»æ°ãã¢ã¡ãªã«ã«æµå ¥ããŠå®ãåŽååãæäŸãããŸãæªéçºã®å°åã«å€æ§ãªå°å瀟äŒã圢æãããã ããã«ã¯ã æè¡ã®é²æ©ã茞éæ©é¢ã®çºå±ãæè»ãæããã 19äžçŽåŸåã¯è¥¿éšéæéåã®ææã§ããã ééã西éšãéãã誰ãããªãã£ãæã«èŸ²å Žãçºãã§ããããã ããã€ã³ãã£ã¢ã³ãé§éãèåŸ ãã è² ã®æŽå²ã䞊è¡ããŠèµ·ãã£ãŠããã1869幎ã«æåã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«å€§éžæšªæééãééãã巚倧ãªåã¢ã¡ãª ã«å€§éžéã®ç§»åãšèŒžéãè¿ä»£åããããã«ééã®å»ºèšã«ãã£ãŠåºå€§ãªåžå ŽïŒè¥¿éšã倪平æŽïŒãç»å Žãã äºæ¥ãè¡ãããšããè ã«å€§ããªãã£ã³ã¹ãçãŸãããç£æ¥ã®çµå¶ææ³ã«ãããŠãããã³ãªãŒã»ãã©ãŒ ããå§ãã移åçµç«ã©ã€ã³ããã€ã©ãŒã®ç§åŠç管çæ³ãªã©ã®çµå¶é¢ã®ã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ãèµ·ãã£ãã ãã®æ代ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®è³æ¬å®¶ã¯ãæªéæã®åžå Žã第äºæ¬¡ç£æ¥é©åœãšããããæè¡é©æ°ã茞éæ段㮠çºå±ã移æ°ã«ãã人å£ã®æ¥å¢ãšããäºæ¥ãæ¡å€§ããäžã§çµ¶å¥œã®æ¡ä»¶ãããã£ãŠããã補é æ¥ã®ã¿ãªã ããééãéæ²³ã茞éãªã©ã®å€æ§ãªç£æ¥ã§æ°ããäŒæ¥ãèšç«ãããå¯ãåŸãè³æ¬å®¶ãæ¥å¢ãããã¢ã³ ããªã¥ãŒã»ã«ãŒãã®ãŒïŒééŒïŒ ããžã§ã³ã»ããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒïŒç³æ²¹ïŒã®ããã«ãå¯ã人èãæããªã人é ãäºæ¥ãèµ·ãããŠçµå¶ãæ¡å€§ãã倧å¯è±ªã«ã®ãäžãã£ãèµ·æ¥å®¶ãå€æ°çãŸããããšãšãªã£ãã ãŸãã圌ãè³æ¬å®¶ã¯ãçµå¶å¹çãé«ããããã«ãææ ªäŒç€Ÿã«ãããã©ã¹ãïŒäŒæ¥ååïŒãšããçµå¶ ææ³ãæ¡çšãã倧äŒæ¥ã¯ãã©ã¹ããçµãã§äºæ¥ãæ¡å€§ãããããã¯ç«¶åäŒæ¥ãå䜵ããŠåžå Žãç¬å ã ãè¡åãæ¯é çãšãªã£ãã19äžçŽåŸåã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã¯åŽåè éåãšæ¿åºã®ç«¶äºæ¿çãæªæçã§ãäŒæ¥ã® èªç±å¥æŸãªè¡åãèŠå¶ããããšã¯çšã§ãã£ããããã®åŸã倧è³æ¬å®¶ã®åžå Žç¬å ã容赊ã®ãªãçµå¶ã«ç€Ÿ ~ 16 ~
17.
äŒãã匷ãåçºãèµ·ãããåŽåè éåãåãã©ã¹ãéåã«ã€ãªãã£ãã âã¢ã³ããªã¥ãŒã»ã«ãŒãã®ãŒ ã¢ã³ããªã¥ãŒã»ã«ãŒãã®ãŒïŒç±³ïŒ ãéŒéçã
ã¢ã³ããªã¥ãŒã»ã«ãŒãã®ãŒ ïŒ ã¢ã³ããªã¥ãŒã»ã«ãŒãã®ãŒïŒ1835ïŒ1919幎ïŒã¯ãã¹ã³ããã©ã³ã移æ°ã®å®æ¥å®¶ã 1835幎ãã¹ã³ããã©ã³ãã§æç¹ã è·äººã®é·ç·ãšã㊠çãŸããã ç¶èŠªãç£æ¥é©åœ ã§ä»äºããªããªã£ãŠããŸã£ã ããã«ã1848幎ã«äžå®¶ã§ã¢ ã¡ãªã« ãžç§»äœãããç§»äœ ã®åŸã12æ³ã®ã«ãŒãã®ãŒã¯åŠæ ¡ ãžè¡ããã«çŽ¡çžŸå·¥å Žã§ åããã ã®åŸãäœåºŠãè»¢è· ãããããããŒã°é»ä¿¡å±ã®é»å ±é éã®ä»äºã«ã€ããé»ä¿¡æ士ã«ææ Œããããã®åŸã ããŒãã¹ã»ã¹ã³ããã«ç§æžå Œé» 信士ãšããŠåŒãæãã ãŠãã³ã· ã«ããã¢ééãžå ¥ 瀟ããã18æ³ã®é ãã¹ã³ããã ãã³ã·ã«ããã¢ééã® å¯ç€Ÿé·ã« æé²ãããšãã«ãŒ ãã®ãŒããããããŒã°æ¯åºã®è²¬ä»»è ã«ãªã£ãã ã«ãŒãã®ãŒã¯ãæã¡ãããã ãå¯å°è»ã®ã¢ã€ã㢠ãåãäžãã ãã³ã·ã«ãã㢠ééã¯è©Šéšçãªæ¡çšã決ããã ã«ãŒãã®ãŒã¯ãåéã ããŠå¯å° è»ã®ããã®äŒç€Ÿã« åºè³ããŠå¯ãåŸããååæŠäºåŸ ã«ãã³ã·ã«ããã¢éé ãéè·ã ãäºæ¥å®¶ãšãªãã åœæã®ééã§å€ãã£ãæšè£œã®æ©ããé補ãžã®éèŠå¢å ãäºæž¬ããããŒã¹ãã³éæ©äŒç€Ÿãèšç«ãæåãããã ãã«ãæè¡é©æ°ã«ããé³éããã匷éãªéŒéã®å€§é補é ãå¯èœã«ãªããééã®ã¬ãŒã«ã建ç¯ãžäœ¿çšãããã ãšãäºèŠãã補éäºæ¥ã®èŠæš¡æ¡å€§ã«åã泚ãã ãéŒéçããšåŒã°ãããã«ãŒãã®ãŒã¯1901幎ã«ééŒäŒç€Ÿã㢠ã«ã¬ã³ãžå£²åŽãã åŸã®äžçäžã®USã¹ãã£ãŒã«ãšãªã£ãã 以åŸã¯æ å掻åãè¡ãããã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯ã®ã«ãŒãã®ãŒã» ããŒã«ãã«ãŒãã®ãŒã¡ãã³å€§åŠã¯åœŒã®å¯éã«ããèšç«ããããã®ã§ããã âãžã§ã³ã»ããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒ ãžã§ã³ã»ããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒïŒç±³ïŒ ãžã§ã³ã»ããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒ ïŒããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒè²¡é¥ã®ç¥ ãžã§ã³ã»ããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒã»ã·ãã¢ïŒ1839ïŒ1937幎ïŒã¯ãå®æ¥å®¶ãã¹ã¿ã³ ã ㌠ã ã» ãªã€ã«ãåµèšããã ãã¥ãŒãšãŒã¯å·åéšã®ãªãããã©ãŒãã§ã移å販売ãå¶ã芪ã®ããšã«çãŸããã 1855幎ã®16æ³ã®é ã«è»¢å± ãããªã ã€ãªå·ã¯ãªãŒãã©ã³ ãã§èšåž³ ä¿ãšããŠåãå§ã ãã1858幎ã«ã圌ã¯å人ãšå ±ã«ã¯ ã©ãŒã¯ã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã ãã¯ã㧠ã©ãŒç€Ÿãèšç«ãã å瀟ã¯1862幎ã«åœæã®ã¢ãã©ã㢠山èè¿éã§çºèŠãã ãŠããæ²¹ ç°äºæ¥ã«ç®ãã€ã ãŠç³æ²¹äŒç€Ÿã«æè³ãè¡ã£ã ã1865幎ã«å人ãšã®äºæ¥ã 解æ£ãã 粟油äºæ¥ãè²·åã ããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒã»ã¢ã³ãã»ã¢ ã³ããªã¥ãŒã¹ç€Ÿãèšç« ããããã ã«å幎ã第äºã®ç²Ÿ æ²¹æãèšç«ããã1867幎ã«ãã㯠ãã§ã©ãŒã»ã¢ã³ãã» ã¢ã³ã㪠ã¥ãŒã¹ç€Ÿã¯ãã®ç²Ÿ æ²¹æãåžåããããã«èŠæš¡ ãæ¡å€§ããããã«ã1870幎 ã«ãã㯠ãã§ã©ãŒå åŒãšä» ã®ã¡ã³ããŒã«ãã ã¹ ã¿ã³ã ãŒãã»ãªã€ ã«ç€Ÿ ãåµèšããããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒã瀟é·ã«å°± ä»»ããã ã¹ã¿ã³ããŒãã»ãªã€ã«ã¯ãåŸã ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«åœå ã§ç³æ²¹çç£ã®æ¯é æš©ãç²åŸããã巚倧ãªå©çãæ¶è²»è ã«é å ããé«äŸ¡æ Œã§è²©å£²ãç¶ãããã®ããžãã¹ææ³ã¯ãåºãå³ããæ¹è©ãããã¹ã¿ã³ããŒãã»ãªã€ã«ã¯åãã©ã¹ ãéåã®æ Œå¥œã®ç®æšãšããŠæ»æããããã¹ã¿ã³ããŒãã»ãªã€ã«ç€Ÿã¯ã¢ã¡ãªã«ç³æ²¹åžå Žã®90ïŒ ãæ¯é ããã«è³ ã£ããããäžè«ã¯æ¬¡ç¬¬ã«ãåç¬å ã ãåãã©ã¹ãããžãšåããã1890幎ã«ã·ã£ãŒãã³åãã©ã¹ãæ³ãæç«ã ãã1911幎ãã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡åœæé«è£å€æã¯ãã¹ã¿ã³ããŒãã»ãªã€ã«ãåžå Žãç¬å ããŠããããšã§è§£äœåœä»€ã äžããå瀟ã¯37ã®æ°äŒç€Ÿã«åå²ãããïŒçŸåšã®ãšã¯ãœã³ã¢ãŒãã«ãšã·ã§ããã³ãªã©ïŒ ã1901幎ãŸã§ã«åœŒã«ã¯ çŽ9åãã«ã®è³ç£ããããåœæã®äžçã§æãå¯ãä¿æããŠãã人ç©ãšèããããŠãããããã¯ãã§ã©ãŒã®è²¡ ç£ãçŸä»£ã®äŸ¡å€ã«æç®ããå Žåã2,000åãã«ãäžåããšæšå®ãããŠããã âããŒãã¹ã»ãšãžãœã³ ããŒãã¹ã»ãšãžãœã³ïŒç±³ïŒ ãçºæçã ããŒãã¹ã»ãšãžãœã³ ïŒ ããŒãã¹ã»ãšãžãœã³ïŒ1847幎ïŒ1931幎ïŒã¯ãç涯ã«ããã1,300ãã®çºæãè¡ã£ ãçºæ家ãèµ·æ¥å®¶ã ãšãžãœã³ã¯1847幎ã«ãªãã€ãªå·ãã©ã³ã§çãŸãããå°åŠæ ¡ã«å ¥åŠããããæåž«ãšéŠ¬ã åããäžéãããåœæã®éžè©±ãšããŠã¯ãç®æ°ã®ææ¥äžã«ã¯ã1+1=2ããšæããããŠãéµ åã¿ã«ããããšãã§ãããåœèªã®ææ¥äžã«ãã ãAïŒãšãŒïŒã¯ã©ãããŠPïŒããŒïŒãšåŒã° ãªãã®ïŒããšè³ªåãããšãã£ãå ·åã§ãææ¥äžã«äºããããšã«ãªããé£çºããŠãããšã ããæçµçã«ã¯æ ä»»ã®å çãããåã®é ã¯è ã£ãŠããããšåãæšãŠãããæ ¡é·ãããå ¥ åŠããããã3ã¶æã§éåŠãå§ãããããšãããèŠæŸããããšãžãœã³ã¯ãåºæ¬çãªå匷 ã¯å°åŠæ ¡ã®æåž«ã§ãã£ãæ¯èŠªã«æãã£ããæ¯èŠªã¯æè²ç±å¿ã ã£ãããããå ã 奜å¥å¿ã æºçã ã£ããšãžãœã³ã«å¯ŸããŠã家ã®å°äžå®€ã«æ§ã ãªååŠè¬åãæãããšãžãœã³èªèº«ããã®å°äžå®€ã§ç§åŠå®éšã«æ²¡é ããŠãããšããã ãã®ãããªå°å¹Žæ代ãéã£ããããã®åŸã¯æ¯èŠªã®æäŒããåŸãªããçºæç 究ãç¶ãã1877幎ããšãžãœã³30æ³ã®æ ã«èé³æ©ã®å®çšå èé³æ©ã®å®çšåïŒåååïŒã§å声ãç²åŸããããã®åŸããã¥ãŒãžã£ãŒãžãŒå·ã«ã¡ã³ãããŒã¯ç 究宀ãèšç«ããç èé³æ©ã®å®çšå 究æã§ã¯ãé»è©±ãã¬ã³ãŒããã¬ãŒã€ãŒãé»æ°ééãé±ç³åé¢è£ 眮ãé»ç¯ç §æãªã©ãç¢ç¶ãæ©ã«åååããããªã㧠ã泚åããã®ã¯çœç±é»ç çœç±é»çã§ãããæ°å€ãå è¡ã®çœç±é»çãå®çšçã«æ¹è¯ããã圌ã¯çœç±é»çã®å称ãããŸãã¢ã¹ã¿ çœç±é»ç ãŒæã®å ãšè±ç¥ã®ç¥ãã¢ãã©ã»ããºãããåŒçšãã ãããºãããšåä»ããŠãããäžæ¹ã§ãçœç±é»çã®å£²ã蟌ã¿ã®ãã ã®ååŒäŒç€Ÿãèšç«ãããšãžãœã³ã¯èµ·æ¥å®¶ èµ·æ¥å®¶ã§ããã£ããé±å±±çµå¶ãªã©ã«ãæãåºãã倱æãé«éœ¢ãšãªã£ãŠäŒç€Ÿçµå¶ã èµ·æ¥å®¶ ãã¯èº«ãåŒããããªã«ã«ãã«é¢å¿ã移ããç 究æã«ããã£ãŠæ»è ãšã®äº€ä¿¡ã®å®éšãç¶ããã1914幎ã«ç 究æãç«äº ã§å šçŒãæ害ãèã£ãããèãããã®åŸãæ»è ãšã®äº€ä¿¡ã«ã€ããŠã®ç 究ãç¶ããã ~ 17 ~
18.
ïŒïŒïŒ20äžçŽä»¥éã®çŸä»£ç€ŸäŒã«ãããèµ·æ¥ â è»äºã»ç£æ¥ã»åŠè¡ã®è€å 20äžçŽã®äžçã¯ãç£æ¥é©åœåŸã«çºå±ãç¶ããå®æ¥çãå匷ã®å¯Ÿç«ã»äžç倧æŠã»æ±è¥¿å¯Ÿç«ã§è»äºåå¢ åŒ·ãå¿ èŠãšããæ¿åºãããã³é«åºŠãªç§åŠæè¡ãå¹ããã倧åŠã®çµç¹ãè€åçã«çµæããæè¡ã®é²æ©ã® é床ãäžãã£ãããã®é¢ä¿ã¯äžè¬ã«ãè»ã»ç£è€åããšããŠç¥ãããŠãããè»éã«ããæè¡ã補åã®é
ã ç£è€åã èŠãè³æ¬ãšéèã®éäžã«ããå¹ç掻çšãããã³å€§èŠæš¡ãªé©çšãšé«åºŠéäžç®¡çã«ããæè¡é©æ°ãçã朮 æµãšãªã£ããããããé©æ°ã¯ãå»åŠãç©çåŠãååŠãé»åèšç®ãèªç©ºåŠãç©è³ªç§åŠãé è¹åŠãéå±åŠ ã§çãŸããããããŒã¹ãšãªãæè¡ã®é²å±ã¯è»äºç®çã®ç 究ã«è² ããšããã倧ããã£ãã äŸãã°ãèªç©ºæ©ãšå®å®ãã±ããã®çºå±ã¯20äžçŽååã®å€§ããªã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã ãããã®é£èºã¯è»äº å©çšãªãããŠããããªãã£ããšããããç¡ç·éä¿¡ãè¡æãè»äºå©çšãæè¡ãé£èºãããããçŸä»£ã®ã€ ã³ã¿ãŒãããã®ååã§ããARPANETïŒã¢ãŒããããïŒã¯ã1969幎ã«ã¢ã¡ãªã«åœé²ç·çã»åœé²é«çç 究 èšç»å±ã«ããææ®ã®äžã«æ§ç¯ãããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãããã¯ãŒã¯ã§ããã â¡å¹ åºãæ¥çš®ã§ã®èµ·æ¥ ãŠã©ã«ãã»ãã£ãºã㌠ïŒ1901ïœ1966å¹ŽïŒ 19äžçŽåŸå以éãå é²åœãäžå¿ã«åœæ°ç掻ãåäžãã質ã®é«ã補åãå€ æ§ã§é åçãªãµãŒãã¹ãžã®ããŒãºãé«ãŸã£ãŠãã£ãã ãã®äžã§ãé£æåã嚯 楜ã®ãããªéå·¥æ¥ä»¥å€ã®æ¥çš®ã§ãæ°ããèµ·æ¥å®¶ãæ¥æé·ããäºäŸãåºãŠã ããããšãã°ã ãããããŒããŠã¹ãã®çã¿ã®èŠªã§ãããŠã©ã«ãã»ãã£ãºã㌠ã1924幎ã«å ã®ãã€ãšèšç«ãããŠã©ã«ãã»ãã£ãºããŒã»ã«ã³ãããŒã¯ãçŸ åšã®å£²äžé«ã3å åãè¶ããåœéçãªå€§äŒæ¥ã«çºå±ããããŸãã1919幎ã«ã¯ ã³ã«ã»ã³ãŒã©ç€Ÿãåµæ¥ãã1939幎ã«ã¯ã«ãŒãã«ã»ãµã³ããŒã¹ïŒç±³ïŒãã±ã³ ã¿ãããŒã»ãã©ã€ãããã³ã®æ°èª¿çæ³ãèæ¡ã ãã¯ããã«ãã®ç¥ã§ããã㯠ããã«ãå åŒïŒç±³ïŒã¯ã1940幎ã«éåºããŠããã â¢çŸä»£ã®ãã³ãã£ãŒæè³ èµ·æ¥å®¶ãšæ°èšç«ã®ãã³ãã£ãŒã«å¯Ÿããè³éæäŸããæ°ãããã¡ã€ãã³ã¹æè¡ãç»å Žããããã³ã㣠ãŒãã£ãã¿ã«ïŒventure capitalïŒãšãããå€éšã®æè³å®¶ãèµ·æ¥å®¶ã®èšç«ããäŒç€Ÿã®æ ªåŒãååŸïŒæ ªåŒ æè³ïŒããäŒç€Ÿãç£èŠãçµå¶æå°ããŠäŒç€Ÿã®äŸ¡å€ãåäžããããã®åŸã«æ ªåŒå£²åŽã«ããå©çãåŸãã ãšããã¹ããŒã ã®éèæ¥ã§ããã ãã®ãããªãã³ãã£ãŒãã£ãã¿ã«ãçãŸããã®ã¯ã第äºæ¬¡äžç倧æŠåŸã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã»ãã¹ãã³ã§ãã ãŒããŒã倧åŠææã®ãžã§ãŒãžã»ããªãªææãå®æ¥çã®çµå¶è ã«ãã£ãŠ1946幎ã«èšç«ããããããã㢠ã¡ãªã«ã³ã»ãªãµãŒãã»ã¢ã³ãã»ãã£ããããã¡ã³ãïŒARDïŒãšããæè³äŒç€Ÿã§ããããã³ãã£ãŒã㣠ãã¿ã«ã¯æŠåŸã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã§å§ãŸã£ãæè³æ¥ã§ãããã 1970幎代ã«æ¥æ¬ã«ãå°å ¥ããçŸåšã«è³ã£ãŠããã â£æ å ±éä¿¡æè¡ã®æ¥éãªçºå±ãšèµ·æ¥å®¶ ããœã³ã³ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã®çºå±ã¯ãããã§è¿°ã¹ããŸã§ããªãããããã³ã³ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒããã©ã³ãž ã¹ã¿ãŒããåããŠäžã§çºæãããã®ã¯ç¬¬äºæ¬¡å€§æŠä»¥éã®ããšã§ããããŸããäžççºã®ããŒãœãã«ã³ã³ ãã¥ãŒã¿ãŒãäœã£ãã¢ããã«ã®åµæ¥ã¯çŸåšãã35幎åã®1975幎ã§ãããããã«ã¯ãã€ã³ã¿ãŒãããã® åçšåã¯1995幎ãšä»ãã15幎åã®æè¿ã®çºæãªã®ã§ããã ãã®çãæéã«ãããŠãçŸä»£ç€ŸäŒã¯è£œåã»ãµãŒãã¹ã®æ°Žæºãé£èºçã«åäžãããåå°äœç£æ¥ã¯ãã© ã³ãžã¹ã¿ãŒãçºæããã1947幎ãICïŒéç©åè·¯ïŒãçºæããã1958幎以éã«æ¥éã«çºå±ããã³ã³ã㥠ãŒã¿ãŒç£æ¥ã¯ãã®åå°äœã®ã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ãå©çšããŠ1980幎代ã«å€§ãã䌞é·ãããã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®èµ·æ¥å®¶ ããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ãéãŸã£ãŠãããã·ãªã³ã³ãã¬ãŒã ïŒãµã³ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã³åžãå端ã«åã«100ããã»ã©ã® 湟岞å°åž¯ã25ããŒãžã®åèïŒïŒïŒã¯ãã·ãªã³ã³ãäž»äœåæãšããICïŒéç©åè·¯ïŒãåãæ±ããšã¬ã¯ããã ã¯ã¹é¢é£ç£æ¥ãéãŸã£ãããã«ã1970幎代ãããã®ããã«åŒã°ãã¯ãããã ããããã€ãããŒã·ã§ã³ã®éçšã«ãããŠãå€ãã®èµ·æ¥å®¶ããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ãèµ·ããæ¥çžŸãæ¡å€§ ããã ããã«è³é調éãã¯ããããã«èšŒåžååŒæã«æ ªåŒãäžå Ž æ°èŠæ ªåŒå ¬éã ïŒ IPOã35ããŒãžã®åèâïŒïŒ ããããããã«ãã£ãŠãèµ·æ¥å®¶ãä¿æããäŒç€Ÿã®æ ªåŒã®äŸ¡å€ãäœçŸååïŒãããã¯ãããã¯ããã«äž åãéé¡ïŒãšãªããåäžé·è ãšãªãèµ·æ¥å®¶ãåºãŠããããã®å žåäŸããã€ã¯ããœããã®ãã«ã»ã²ã€ãã ã¢ããã«ã®ã¹ããŒãã»ãžã§ããºã§ãããçŸåšã®ã¢ããŸã³ã»ãããã»ã³ã ãã€ããŒãã°ãŒã°ã«ããã§ã€ ã¹ããã¯ã®ãããªãã³ãã£ãŒã«ã€ãªãã£ãŠããã 19äžçŽä»¥åã®èµ·æ¥å®¶ã¯ãèªåã®ç«ã¡äžããäŒç€Ÿããã®çµŠäžå ±é ¬ãé åœã§å¯ã圢æãããã20äžçŽåŸ åã®èµ·æ¥å®¶ã¯ãç«ã¡äžãããã³ãã£ãŒããžãã¹ãæ ªåŒåžå Žã«å ¬éããããšïŒæ ªåŒåžå Žã§å£²è²·ååŒã§ã ãããã«ããããšïŒã«ãã£ãŠãææ ªã®çµæžäŸ¡å€ãå¢å€§ãããŠå¯ãåŸãŠããã®ã§ããã ~ 18 ~